Radiographic positioning

use just the textbook of :Radiographic positioning and related anatomy by Kenneth Bontrager edition 8 chapter 15, and APA formatting, its link is:
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=1VhPAQAAQBAJ&q=563#v=onepage&q=563&f=true.

answer the following discussion questions from the lecture material and the reading from chapter 15. Please write complete sentences and coherent ideas that explain what you have learned about mobile x-ray and fluoroscopy. Write at least 1 paragraph for each question. This will be graded as a test grade so please use proper grammer, puncuation and APA formatting in your writing. I do not need references as I assume you will be using my lecture and your text book, HOWEVER, do not copy your answers out of the chapter. I will give no grade for answers that are verbatim from the chapter. You do not have to respond to any of your class mates postings for this discussion.

Many time technologist encounter patients that are too sick, weak or injured and may not be brought to the radiology department for routine exams. Even when the patient can be brought to the department, they may be very limited as to the amount of help they may be while positioning for the exam. Technologist may find many patients who are unconscious, sedated, immobilized on backboards and cervical collars, with splints or casts. Occasionally there are devices that cannot be moved or removed like traction devices and bracing. Mobile or portable x-ray can be taken to the patient into a trauma room or brought to the bedside in the ED and throughout the hospital.

1. Discuss the approach of the technologist and how they must alter each exam to accomplish the standard routine views that are necessary for diagnosis and treatment of the patient. In this portion discuss aspects of performing radiologic exams including communication to the patient, maneuvering the equipment around the department and in the patient’s room, communication of the best way to accomplish each position when the patient movement and envolvement is greatly limited.

During surgical procedures there are some advantages and disadvantages to the C-arm (mobile fluoroscopy) design and and the mechanisms that allow for the best movement and manipulation of the x-ray unit.

2. Discuss these advantages and disadvantages while placing the C-arm under/over/lateral to the patient. Include in your discussion the best manner to reduce occupational exposure to the physician and staff in the OR as images are obtained.

3. Discuss the purpose of the TV monitors and control cart used with mobile fluoroscopy equipment. Discuss the various functions of the controls used with mobile fluoroscopy including the magnification mode, pules mode snap shot or digital spot mode, auto/manual exposure controls, subtraction and roadmapping. When should the foot pedal be used and what are the advantages

to using it during an exam?

4. Discuss Radiation safety while using the portable x-ray matching and the mobile fluoroscopy (C-arm) for patients and their family members, staff within the department or room, patients that may be in the bed next to the patient that is having the exam, physicians and staff that must be directly adjacent to or in the primary beam, vs. those who may be able to leave the area during the radiation exposure. Include rules like the 6 ft. rule, inverse square law, the proper amount of lead to be worn and where to stand as the beam/ Tube/Intensifier is oriented around the patient in various positions.

here is the link for chapter 15: pages from 563-618:
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=1VhPAQAAQBAJ&q=563#v=onepage&q=563&f=true .
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