+1 862 207 3288 Mediterranean cultures
1. Describe the acquisition of manhood in the Mediterranean cultures.
? describe at least three characteristics of Machismo, identify which countries we are talking about, and define what “acquisition manhood” means
2. Describe the acquisition of manhood of the Truk (Chuuk) Island people. Compare and contrast with the Mehinaku people.
? define pwara and give two examples, discuss the difference between adolescence/adult between the two cultures; give two examples of Mehinaku culture (you could pick similarities or differences)
3. How is male sexuality defined differently in the Mehinaku and the Masai?
? explain the differences in terms of women’s experiences and men’s behaviors
4. What is the concept of manhood in China and Japan? How is this different from Tahiti?
? discuss Confucianism and the soft school vs. the hard school; discuss androgyny
5. What does the study of manhood across the world suggest in terms of the origin of human behavior?
? there are many ways to answer this: make sure you discuss acquisition vs. rites of passage and Gilmore’s thesis of how manhood is “made;” also, make sure you include at least three examples—e.g. behaviors that are shared by two different cultures and other behaviors that are different between cultures
6. Why is cow worship in India logical? In what ways are female cows treated less kindly than cow love would suggest?
? identify at least three benefits having lots of cows and ox, at least one way culturally that cows are kept around as sacred, and at least one practice that permits cows that have outlived their utility to be disposed of despite religious traditions
7. How does warfare serve an adaptive function in the Maring and the Yanomamo?
? describe the whole cycle of the yams and the sacred rumbin, and then discuss how the Yanomamo are different from the Maring
8. Why are males especially violent in the Yanomamo? What does this say about male violence in our culture?
? explain at least three ways that men show their toughness and at least difference in the treatment of male and female babies, does this suggest that violence is learned (yes!)—why?
9. What is the connection between the cargo cults and the origins of Judaism and Christianity?
? explain two historical facts about the history of the middle east 2000 years ago and Judaism, two historical facts about religious leader of the cargo cults, and then explain the parallels
10. Discuss the theory that Jesus was a terrorist.
? essentially, the first part of the answer above, but in greater detail: provide examples also from the Bible that support the idea of a militant interpretation of Jesus’ behaviors
11. Discuss how the European witch hunts of the 15th to 17th centuries demonstrate the concept of exploitation of power between groups of people. What appears to be the underlying motivation behind the witch trials and what does this indicate about human behavior?
? explain at least three acts that witches were accused of and what some people might actually have done that led to that, explain how the accusation of witchcraft was used and how did this maintain the socio-political order
12. Describe potlatch cultures and the ways in which societal organization and government affect individual identity, shared cultural values, and relate to distribution of resources in other types society.
? essentially, discuss in detail the above; consider the nature of “equality” and “individuality” and “leaders” and “status” in hunter-gatherer societies, loose alliances of agrarian tribes, larger agricultural societies including ancient empires, post-industrial societies (capitalism, communism, socialism); consider how warfare and scarcity interact with other forces
13. What does the study of behavioral differences across cultures suggest in terms of the origins of human behavior?
? essentially, you can design your own answer as this is very open-ended; be sure, however, to include at least four specific examples from Harris and/or Gilmore that relate to each other, that support a coherent argument about the role of biology and/or culture in explaining cultural differences—also, when you include the examples, be sure to identify correctly what cultures those examples come from
Textbooks that need to be used!
Gilmore, David (1990).
Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity
. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
7.
Harris, Marvin (1974).
Cows, pigs, wars, and witches: The riddles of culture
. New York: Vintage Books,
Random House
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