essay

solve y(4) + y = 0
To solve y(4) + y = 0, we must find the roots of m4 + 1 = 0. This is a trivial problem using a CAS but can also be done by hand working with complex numbers. Observe that m4 + 1 = (m2 + 1)2 – 2m2. How does this help? Solve the differential equation.

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