Lab Report, Physics including Earth and space sciences

Lab Report, Physics including Earth and space sciences
Tool mark Examination Physical Criminalistics

Project description
There are 3 files in attachments about:

1- What I did in the lab in detail.
2- A lecture from the university about tool marks and footwear.
3- Practical sheet.
Please write the: aims from this experiment, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion and 7 Referencing (Harvard system) and, Answer these questions in a separate part.

Practise Questions

1. Why is the analysis of tool mark characteristics a useful form of evidence?

2. During visual examination with the microscope, describe how you can improve the amount of contrast on the observed image (i.e. to make indentations and marks on the tool or cast more evident).
3. Describe how a tool mark found on a window frame at a point of entry can be collected from a crime scene.

Marking Scheme for Lab reports-Physical Criminalistics

Aims: 5 Marks
Introduction: 20 Marks
Methods: 10 marks
Results: 10 Marks
Discussion: 35 marks
Conclusion: 10 Marks
Referencing: 10 Marks

Physical Criminalistics
MOD002778
Tool
mark Examination
Introduction
Tools are commonly used to gain access into buildings or through fences and gates.
Tools can leave marks behind when they are used. Matching the characteristics
found on such marks is a
ccomplished
by
m
icroscopic
methods
.
Practical
You will be provided with a selection
of tools commonly encountered in crime scene
investigations. A cast of
a
tool
mark impression
from a crime scene
is
also
provided
in order for you to determine which of th
e tool
marks labelled A
–
D
made the
impression
.
Examine the
cast
both macroscopically and microscopically using a
stereomicroscope and
identify
and makes notes of
any characteri
stics
.
In order to do
a true comparison, you will need to make casts of the sele
ction of tool marks yo
u
have been given. Remember
tool marks are an inversion of the tool that made them
and
if only a cast of the tool mark is recovered from the scene then any test marks
made from a suspect tool in the lab will have to be compared using
casting as well.
The most difficult aspect of tool mark comparison is that using the tool at different
angles will make different marks.
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ng
les it could
have been made from.
Do not
put the to
ols in contact with the
casts. Such an action would make the casts
inadmissible as evidence.
Describe the
general
s
hap
e, size, blade angle
,
weathering
, wear and tear
and the
location of
any
externa
l substances
present on the tools
(e.g. paint, glass, grease
etc.)
.
Look carefully for any class, sub
–
class and individual characteristics and make
accurate ske
tches showing their position on
the
scene mark and any test marks you
make.
Do any
of
the tes
t marks obtained correspond to the scene mark?
Include
your
sketches
in
your
report write
–
up.
Practise Questions
1. Why is the analysis of
tool
mark characteristics a
useful form of evidence?
2. During visual examination
with the microscope
,
describe ho
w you can improve the
amount of contrast on the observed image (i.e. to make indentations and marks on
the tool or cast more evident).
3. Describe
how a tool
mark found on a window frame at a point of entry can be
collected from a crime
scene
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