# Calculus

Problem Set 6.
Due in tutorial on February 1–2
Instructions:
• Print this cover page, fill it out entirely, sign at the bottom, and STAPLE
it to the front of your problem set solutions. (You do not need to print
the questions.)
Doing this correctly is worth 1 mark.
• Submit your problem set ONLY in the tutorial in which you are enrolled.
• Before you attempt this problem set read the notes we posted online about
the definition of the integral and do all the practice problems from section
12.1, 5.2, 5.3 (see course website).
PLEASE NOTE that so far over 20 students have been penalized for academic misconduct and now have a record with OSAI. Do not be the

notes on collaboration” on the cover page for Problem Set 1.
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on the course website. Remember that if there is a discrepancy between Blackboard and
ROSI/ACORN, then your correct tutorial is the one on Blackboard, not on ROSI/ACORN.
See http://uoft.me/137tutorials
Note: Question 0 is a warm-up question to make sure you understand the definition of
lower/upper integral and the definition of supremum and infimum. Do not submit it.
Only submit the other five questions.
0. Let f be a bounded function on the real interval [a, b].
(a) Prove that I b a(f) satisfies the following two properties:
i. L
f(P) ≤ I b a(f) for every partition P of [a, b].
ii. For every ε > 0, there exists a partition P of [a, b] such that I b a(f) − ε <
L
f(P) ≤ I b a(f).
(b) Let J be a real number. Assume J satisfies the following two properties:
i. L
f(P) ≤ J for every partition P of [a, b].
ii. For every ε > 0, there exists a partition P of [a, b] such that J − ε <
L
f(P) ≤ J.
Prove that J = I b
a(f)
Note: This problem is very short once you are very comfortable with the definition
of supremum and of lower integral.
1. Write the statement (without proof) of the results equivalent to Question 0 for I b a(f)
a(f).
2. Let f be a bounded function on the interval [a, b].
(a) Assume that f satisfies the following property:
∀ε > 0, ∃ partition P of [a, b], such that Uf(P) − Lf(P) < ε.
Prove that f is integrable on [a, b].
(b) Assume that f is integrable on [a, b]. Prove that f satisfies the following property:
∀ε > 0, ∃ partition P of [a, b], such that Uf(P) − Lf(P) < ε.
Hint: Use the definition of integrability: f is integrable on [a, b] if and only if
I b
a(f) − I b a(f) = 0. Also use the definitions of I b a(f) and I b a(f). Finally, remember
that we always know that I b a(f) − I b a(f) ≥ 0, whether f is integrable or not.
3. Let f and g be two bounded functions on the interval [a, b].
(a) Let P be a partition of [a, b]. Only one of the following two inequalities is always
true:
L
f+g(P) ≤ Lf(P) + Lg(P), Lf+g(P) ≥ Lf(P) + Lg(P)
Determine which one is always true, prove it, and then show the other one is
not always true with an example.
(b) Repeat Question 3a with upper sums instead of lower sums.
(c) Assume that f and g are integrable on [a, b]. Prove that f + g is also integrable
on [a, b].
Hint: Use Problem 2 repeatedly.
4. Give an example of two bounded functions f and g on an interval [a, b] such that
I b
a(f + g) 6= I b a(f) + I b a(g).
5. In this question, you are going to compute the exact value of Z2 5(5x − x2) dx using
Riemann sums. Let us call f(x) = 5x − x2. Since f is continuous on [1,3], we know
it is integrable. Hence, its value can be computed using any Riemann sums via
equation (5.2.7) in the book.
For every natural number n, let us call Pn the partition that splits [2,5] into n equal
sub-intervals. Notice that lim
n→∞
||Pn|| = 0. Hence, we can write
Z2 5 5x − x2 dx = lim n→∞ S(Pn),
where S(Pn) is any Riemann sum for f and Pn. In particular, to make things simpler,
we are going to choose the Riemann sum S(Pn) where at every subinterval we use
the righ-endpoint to evaluate f.
(a) Let us write Pn = {x0, x1, . . . , xn}. Find a formula for xi in terms of i and n.
(b) What is the length of each sub-interval in Pn?
(c) Since we are using the right-endpoint, it means we are picking x? i = xi. Use
your above answers to obtain an expression for S(Pn) in the form of a sum with
sigma notation.
(d) Using the formulas
NX i
=1
i =
N(N + 1)
2
,
NX i
=1
i2 = N(N + 1)(2N + 1)
6
,
NX i
=1
i3 = N 2(N + 1)2
4
if needed, add up the expression you got to obtain a nice, compact formula for
S(Pn) without any sums or sigma symbols.
(e) Calculate lim
n→∞
S(Pn). This number will be the exact value of Z2 5(5x − x2)dx.
2
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