What is the Federal Open Market Committee?

1. What is the Board of Governors? How many members does it have, and who appoints them?
2.What is the Federal Open Market Committee? Who are its members?
3. What are the changes to the Fed under the Dodd-Frank Act?
4. Why did Congress pass the Federal Reserve Act in 1913, when the United States had functioned without a central bank since 1836?