PICOT Research

Project Guidelines

Purpose: The purpose of this exercise is to develop a problem statement, researchable question of interest and perform a search of the literature for relevant articles that may inform the treatment team of evidence-based practice options. Once your search has been reduced to the 5-8 best examples of available articles classify them by level of evidence using the Evidence Pyramid (Figure 15-1 p.424) In Schmidt & Brown (2015) e.g., expert opinion, meta-analysis or random control trial and type of research e.g., descriptive, quantitative/qualitative, experimental etc. A rubric is posted to assist you through this project.

Required Readings and Tutorials:

Adams, S. (2015). Identifying Research Questions. N. Schmidt & J. Brown (Eds.), In Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research (pp. 71-91). Burlington, MA. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

( the above reference is your text book)

https://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/tutorials/ebpt/more/levels.html

https://www.hsl.unc.edu/services/Tutorials/EBM/index.htm

Stillwell, S., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B., and Williamson, K. (2010). Asking the Clinical Question: A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110 (3), pp. 58-61.

Link to the above article Stillwell

https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/Abstract/2010/03000/Evidence_Based_Practice,_Step_by_Step__Asking_the.28.aspx

1. Identify a research problem: (25%)

a. Background: Briefly tell the story of the issue and why it deserves your attention. The story is background ñ not evidence.

a. For example, Sr. Martin Olivares has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus but refuses to take the biquanide metformin (Glucophage) prescribed by his physician. In fact, he tells you and his daughter that he uses cinnamon and ìnopalitosî (cactus) to control his blood sugar.

b.If you have no idea where to start consider the following:

a. Return to page 30 of Chapter 1 and review Table 1-8 Nursing Research Priorities. A review of these topics may lead you to a topic of interest.

b. Consider your current or previous clinical experiences and patients.

c. Consider a topic of interest and create a research/clinical question.

b. Objective: What is it that you wish to gain from your evidence search? What is it that you want your research to answer? Think of your objective/s as your goal/s.

a. Is cinnamon and/or ënopalito(s)í (prickly pear cactus) an effective complimentary/alternative approach(es) to glycemic control in the elderly Hispanic population?

c. Develop a Problem Statement:

a. Use the criteria on p. 78 of text:

1. Clear & concise

2. Declarative or formal question

3. Population is described

4. Independent & dependent (outcome) variables are identified, etc.

d. Keep this section to about 2 paragraphs.

2. Formulate an EBP question using PICOT model: (25%)

a. The PICOT question will guide the search for nursing practice evidence about your chosen problem/focus/issue/concern. Remember nursing focuses on the human response to health states and conditions rather than the state or condition itself. Your PICOT question should always contain the P, I, and O and in many cases the C and T as well.

b. Use the format below, or just keep it simple.

∑ P ñ Population: Patient population or patient condition of interest

∑ I ñ Intervention: Intervention or issue of interest

∑ C ñ Comparison: Oftentimes the current treatment standard but missing in Qís designed to uncover the meaning of something e.g., ìlived experienceî or what does having an internal defibrillator mean to you.

∑ O ñ Outcome(s): The goals of treatment or therapy e.g., readmission rates or mortality rates. What can you hope to accomplish, measure, improve or affect.

∑ T ñ Time: The time it takes for the intervention to achieve the outcome. Not always present.

3. Search for Evidence: (25%)

a. List strategies and databases identified and reviewed in class. Be sure to include Selection criteria and limits: English, publications within the past 5 years, peer-reviewed journals, research based articles (levels I to VII). Your description of an organized and logical strategy to locate specific evidence is critical in this section.

a. Use and identify databases such as CINAHL, Pro Quest Central and Pub Med and systematic reviews such as Cochrane or Trip. The ìhsl.unc.eduî tutorial above allows you access to numerous databases from which you can identify an important article even though you may need to obtain it yourself or through interlibrary loan to evaluate first-hand. So plan ahead!

b.Older references may be seminal and can be used.

c. You may use the attached PICOT Worksheet Search Strategy Tool to ensure a thorough search strategy and organize your thoughts.

b. A minimum of 5 relevant examples of external evidence to a maximum of 8 must be selected to meet this portion of the assignment.

c. These articles will need to be correctly listed in references following APA format. Use the link provided in Bb.

d. Limit this section to 3-4 paragraphs.

4. Classify the Research Evidence (25%)

a. External evidence used in this section should be research reports of a single study, a systematic review, a meta-synthesis/meta-analysis of a number of research articles, Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines or at the very least expert opinion.

b. List the chosen studies by level of evidence along with authors, title of article, journal, year of publication and classify the type of study e.g., descriptive, quantitative/qualitative, RCT, case study etc. with very brief summary of each article (just one or two sentences that remind you of the articleís content).

5. This paper is limited to a title page, 2 pages of content and a reference list. Papers not following this format may have a negative impact on your grade. Take the time to write clearly and concisely.

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