Human Rights

Human Rights: Use four concepts of structure. agency, realism and idialism to anylise the dark side of humanitarianism and military intervention
I am a UK student so please use UK standard and UK English.

Please feel free to use more sources if needed, The Essay is 3000 words.
SOME Questions (just for information purpose and idea) FROM MY MODULE GUIDE:
*where does responsibility for the atrocity lie? The individual soldiers, the insurgents, the officers, the generals, the US President, Congress, the media, entertainment industry (films, games), the military-industrial complex, the American people? Explain this using concepts of structure, agency, realism and idealism.
* Examples I can use: Battle for Haditha (Documentary), Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Rwanda all examples I would like to use but feel free to add your ideas
* In what circumstances can soldiers kill civilians? (according to Crawford)
* What is the importance of structure/agency, according to Crawford, in understanding military atrocities and where responsibility lies for them?
* What are the three levels of collective moral responsibility for military atrocity and does this exculpate (take blame away from) individual soldiers? Crawford
*Does social convention not logic define why one act of killing is an atrocity (Haditha) and another is less atrocious (bombing cities) (p. 196)?
SOURSES
Must:
1)Paul Dixon, (2008 2nd edition) Northern Ireland: The Politics of War and Peace – Chapter 2 but particularly pp. 32-39.
2) Paul Dixon, (2013) ‘There is nothing politically right that is morally wrong: Beyond Realism and Idealism in the Northern Ireland Peace Process’ Irish Political Studies.
3) Sean Kay (2014) America’s search for security: the triumph of idealism and the return of realism (Rowman and Littlefield).
Optional:
3) Neta Crawford (2007) ‘Individual and Collective Moral Responsibility for Systemic Military Atrocity’, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 15, 2.
4) Linda Polman, (2011) War Games, (Penguin) – is an interesting critique of the corruption of the aid industry.
5)Overseas Development Institute (2010) ‘A Reply to Linda Polman’ available here: https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/5914.pdf A Guardian review of Polman’s book: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/apr/25/humanitarian-aid-war-linda-polman) David
6)Kennedy, ‘Reassessing international humanitarianism: the dark sides’ in Anne Orford (2006) International Law and its Others, Cambridge University Press
7) Kenneth F. Englade, (2015) Meltdown in Haditha: The Killing of 24 Iraqi Civilians by U.S. Marines and the Failure of Military Justice (McFarland).
8)Peter Oborne (2005) The Rise of Political Lying – an idealist perspective on deception.
? 850 word debate evaluating and describing a for and against military intervention to prevent/halt genocide or mass murder. (Please use ONLY Rwanda and Cambodia as a case study)(A completely separate piece of discussion to add our understanding of the literature so must include all 4Key theories of intervention.
1)Eric D. Weitz, A Century of Genocide: Utopias of Race and Nation (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2005) also covers some of the cases, emphasising the role of nationalism in genocide. (I don’t think he talks about Rwanda however how would his views apply in a case such as Rwanda?)

2) Benjamin A. Valentino, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2005) also covers some cases, emphasising the role of elites and the use of genocide as a strategic tool.

3)Michael Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) which takes a more functionalist approach and has somewhat uneven chapters on (among others) Rwanda.

4) Martin Shaw (2007): War and genocide : organized killing in modern society, (Cambridge : Polity , 2003) which examines the connection between the two and includes some case studies . There is also the same author’s What is Genocide, Cambridge : Polity, 2007, which looks more broadly at the relationship between genocide and other forms of political violence.
optional
1)Ben Kiernan, ‘The Cambodian Genocide, 1975-1979’ in Totten and Parsons Century of Genocide’ (available online through the library)
2)Philip Spencer, Genocide since 1945, ch. 5
3)Fawthrop, Tom and Helen Jarvis, Getting away with genocide : elusive justice and the Khmer Rouge tribunal, London: Pluto , 2004
4)Hinton, Alex, Why did they kill ? Cambodia in the shadow of genocide Berkeley, Stanford and London: University of California Press, 2004.
5)Kiernan, Ben The Pol Pot Regime: race, power, and genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79 London : Yale Nota Bene, 2002

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