First, chose a given topic that interests you, or-in the case you want to write on something else- that is relevant to the course.
Some of you have already a certain preference, based on past course expertise, prospective career, personal interest, etc. If you are looking for additional themes and subjects, skim through our syllabus for suggestions and inspirations. Then, take a look at a map, look at some books or films I have suggested, do a quick internet search, and ask yourself “would I like to write on this country / countries and this topic?”
It is very important to be happy about your research, as your productivity will be proportionate to your enthusiasm. You are encouraged to come discuss it with me or our TAs, before you embark on research, and also to keep returning with drafts as your argument evolves.
Then, construct an argument. To begin with, answer these important questions on your topic:
(a) W_h_a_t_ _d_o_ _y_o_u_ _k_n_o_w_ _a_b_o_u_t_ _i_t_?_ _(context, background, similar works, etc.)
(b) W_h_a_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _i_m_p_o_r_t_a_n_t_ _a_b_o_u_t_ _i_t_?_ _(which parts should you focus on more, which less? Why? What do you have to offer to your readers?)
(c) W_h_a_t_ _d_o_n_’t_ _y_o_u_ _k_n_o_w_ _a_b_o_u_t_ _i_t_?_ _[what do you need to know, and where can you look for it? (e.g. UTM or Robarts libraries, public libraries, the internet, etc.)]
The process to follow when writing includes the following steps:
(i) s_u_m_m_a_r_i_z_e_ _the primary text, event, o_r_ _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_ _you are dealing with
(ii) e_v_a_l_u_a_t_e_ _i_t_: what do y_o_u_ _think about it?
(iii) a_n_a_l_y_z_e_: break down the topic in its components, and examine how do they add up, whether they work, which ones are strong and where there are weaknesses to be found.
(iv) s_y_n_t_h_e_s_i_z_e_: connect and reconnect ideas about your topic; include your own observations and consider other perspectives to arrive at a conclusion about the topic’s persuasiveness.
Again, in choosing your topic, ask yourself:
? _Is the question interesting? To y_o_u_, and to your r_e_a_d_e_r_s_h_i_p_?
? _I_s_ _i_t_ _r_e_l_e_v_a_n_t_ _t_o_ _o_u_r_ _c_o_u_r_s_e_ _material? Also,
? _C_a_n_ _i_t_ _b_e_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_l_y_ _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_d_ _w_i_t_h_i_n_ _t_h_e_ _l_i_m_i_t_s_ _o_f_ _y_o_u_r_ _a_s_s_i_g_n_m_e_n_t_? (Especially if it is a short one—remember, this assignment calls for a 3,500-4,000 words paper, so adjust accordingly) 5_ _
In terms of the paper’s structure:
? _Make sure you have a short introduction in which you s_t_a_t_e_ _y_o_u_r_ _t_h_e_s_i_s_ _and s_u_m_m_a_r_i_z_e_ _y_o_u_r_ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_, p_r_o_v_i_d_i_n_g_ _a_ _r_o_a_d_ _m_a_p_ _of what is to follow.
? _Don’t forget a clear and concise thesis sentence. This should be followed by a set of roadmap sentences, telling your readers how you will proceed. For example:
“M_y_ _t_h_e_s_i_s_ _a_r_g_u_e_s_ _t_h_a_t_,_ _w_h_i_l_e_ _p_a_i_n_f_u_l_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_h_o_r_t_ _t_e_r_m_,_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _s_h_o_c_k_ _t_h_e_r_a_p_y_ _i_s_ _m_o_r_e_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_t_ _t_h_a_n_ _g_r_a_d_u_a_l_ _r_e_f_o_r_m_s_ _i_n_ _e_n_a_c_t_i_n_g_ _s_w_e_e_p_i_n_g_ _n_e_c_e_s_s_a_r_y_ _r_e_f_o_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _s_e_t_ _t_h_e_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _q_u_i_c_k_e_r_ _o_n_ _a_ _p_a_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _l_i_b_e_r_a_l_i_z_a_t_i_o_n_._ _T_h_e_ _c_a_s_e_ _o_f_ _P_o_l_a_n_d_ _p_r_o_v_e_s_ _i_t_,_ _a_s_ _I_ _w_i_l_l_ _i_l_l_u_s_t_r_a_t_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_i_s_ _p_a_p_e_r_._ _F_i_r_s_t_,_ _I_ _g_i_v_e_ _a_ _b_r_i_e_f_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _p_e_r_i_o_d_ _j_u_s_t_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _c_o_l_l_a_p_s_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_m_m_u_n_i_s_m_._ _T_h_e_n_,_ _I_ _r_e_v_i_e_w_ _t_h_e_ _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_n_d_ _a_g_a_i_n_s_t_,_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_p_l_a_i_n_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_ _f_o_r_m_e_r_ _i_s_ _s_u_p_e_r_i_o_r_ _t_o_ _t_h_e_ _l_a_t_t_e_r_._ _T_h_e_n_,_ _I_ _o_f_f_e_r_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _e_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_e_m_e_n_t_ _m_y_ _p_o_i_n_t_._ _F_i_n_a_l_l_y_,_ _I_ _c_o_n_c_l_u_d_e_ _w_i_t_h_ _a_ _s_h_o_r_t_ _r_e_c_a_p_i_t_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _m_y_ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _m_y_ _r_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_i_s_ _i_s_ _i_m_p_o_r_t_a_n_t_ _n_o_t_ _j_u_s_t_ _f_o_r_ _t_h_e_ _P_o_l_i_s_h_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _t_r_a_j_e_c_t_o_r_y_ _t_o_w_a_r_d_s_ _d_e_m_o_c_r_a_t_i_c_ _c_o_n_s_o_l_i_d_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _U_n_i_o_n_ _a_c_c_e_s_s_i_o_n_,_ _b_u_t_ _a_l_s_o_ _f_o_r_ _f_u_t_u_r_e_ _c_a_s_e_s_…” _
? _Proceed to present:
(a) briefly, the topic, or puzzle you are addressing; wherever necessary, ensure that you provide unambiguous definitions of the concepts you will be discussing;
(b) comments by scholars on its advantages and disadvantages;
(c) your argument and how it stands up to (b). You should support your position appropriately (e.g. ‘I disagree with Mearsheimer because…’). Do this by citing facts, quoting scholars, presenting theories, etc. in subsequent paragraphs.
NB. Avoid relying too much on a single source.
? _Conclude, with a lucid summary of your thesis (where do you stand on the particular topic you are discussing), why it matters for the particular topic you are discussing, and what may be its implications for future studies (if applicable).
? _Last but not least-about the technical parts of writing your paper-don’t forget a properly annotated bibliography, picking any of the academic styles (e.g. MLA, APA, etc. ) and using it consistently.
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