English assessment

Question

Please find the attachment and read it and add 500 to 700 words worth of content. I’m offering 5$ – this is the most I can offer, please let me know..

Gender in contraceptive roles: Men’s and women’s roles in contraceptive decision making
The role of women and men in contraceptive decision-making and sexually-transmitted disease (STD) prevention can be attributable to many concepts of gender categorization established by society. In Julie Lynn Fennell’s article (2011) “Men bring condoms, Women take pills: Men’s and Women’s Roles in Contraceptive Decision Making” she defends the idea that women tend to assume responsibility for family planning in a long-term relationship. On the other hand, Sharon R. Edwards’ article (1994) “The Role of Men in Contraceptive Decision-Making: Current Knowledge and Future Implications” explains, in consultation with other researchers, how men have been absolved from making decisions in regard to contraceptive methods. This unburdens men of the responsibility to take an active role in making decisions about contraceptive methods used by women as well as themselves. The authors use different rhetorical situations and tones in their discussions to defend their points of view with respect to gender roles, contraceptive decision-making, and STD prevention. Fennell’s article is more explicitly concerned with both men’s and women’s family planning responsibilities, whereas Edwards focuses more directly on men’s attitudes toward contraceptives.
The nature of contraceptive decision making is related to biological and social concepts with respect to sex and gender. However, there is a distinction in how contraceptive decisions are developed biologically and socially by men and by women. In the present day, women have more opportunities to decide what type of contraceptive methods they want to use to avoid an unintended pregnancy. Many of the methods are invasive and have risks for women’s health. On the other hand, men have access to the more temporary and less invasive methods to prevent a pregnancy. The primary methods that men access are condoms and withdrawal before ejaculation; condoms have an advantage in that they prevent transmission of sexual diseases. Condoms can be a way that women protect themselves from both pregnancy and STDs if both women and men accept the use of condoms.
Rhetorical Situation
The rhetorical situation is important because it helps to identify why and how both Fennell and Edwards’s research is proved with evidence that conveys their main points, and to establish a similar or dissimilar idea of how authors perceive the contraceptive decision making in gender roles in different frame of times and with a different target group. The rhetorical situation in both Fennell’s and Edwards’s article is completely different. Fennell focuses her research in a most recent time (2011) than Edwards. Also, Fennell’s research is focused in a concentrated target group (married couples) to obtain results that validate her main point, in regarding who have more power (men or women) concerning to contraceptive decision making. In contrast, Edwards’s research was conducted during the 90’s and uses different opinions derived from consultants and specialists to determinate whether young men have been absolved from decision making, or they need to be part of this decision concerning contraceptive methods.
The differences in the rhetorical situations are relevant in both research because allow to identify two main point of view that differ one of each other. In Fennell’s research (2011), interviewing a small group of married couples participants, the frame of time of the research allow to the focalization, development, and determination of the behavior of adult’s people respect to contraceptive decision making. On the other hand, Edwards’s research (1994) shows her main point by analyzing the behavior of young men and women allowing a main contrast in the frame of time of 90’s, which is an audience target completely different respect to Fennell’s audience. Another relevant point respect to the rhetorical situation in Fennell’s article is the culture which she focused her research. The small population used by Fennell as a target group was from United States of America (USA), whereas Edwards uses population not only from the same country as Fennell, but her main target group was the Hispanic culture.
The Importance of Tone
The tone in both articles is focused to a different audience and the gender plays an important role in the development of the tone. The tone is an important tool used to identify how the author constructs and transmits her knowledge to the audience through the way in which the ideas are expressed.
In her article, Sharon Edwards argues that “men, no longer required to use condoms or to practice withdrawal, were essentially absolved from contraceptive decisions” (1994, p. 77). In contrast with Fennell’s idea that women assume responsibility for contraceptive methods, Edwards is defending men for their lack of responsibility in contraceptive decision-making. Certainly, women have taken the major responsibility for deciding what contraceptive method to use, whether if they are married or not, to avoid pregnancy. However, according to Edwards, the word “absolved” produces the effect that men have been removed from that responsibility by women. Edwards also argues that men are not involved in contraceptive decision-making for the fact that only women were taught how to use a condom, while the men have been the silent partner. Edwards refers to a mention that there is no enough evidence that promoting men participation in contraceptive decisions reduces the possibility of unintended pregnancy and STDs. Unlike Edwards, in Fennell’s article she makes a different point with respect to men’s condoms use and STDs protection. She argues that the use of condoms is one of the contraceptive methods to which men have access, that is one way women can protect themselves from an unwanted pregnancy and STDs.
Another important point that Edwards consider valuable to explain why fewer men participate in contraceptive decision is that “many participants believe that men will not take responsibility for contraception until society considers and treats them as an integral part of reproductive health care” (1994, p. 77). Men consider are not involve in contraceptive decisions because they are not able to have the same medical attention referring to sex talks as women. For some people, talking about sex is more important for women than men; however, Edwards presents evidence that a sex talk can also be a good tool that not only needs to involve women, but also men need to be part of this talk, which will increase men participation and responsibility in contraceptive decision making.
Generally, women can choose which contraceptive method to use to prevent a pregnancy; however, Julie Lynn Fennell discusses that after considering some factors like cultural context, class position, ethnicity, and marital status, “contraceptive decision-making authority is supposedly to rest with men” (2011, p. 498). This idea indicates that, at least in developing countries, men supposedly have more power than women for the prevention of the transmission of sexual diseases and pregnancy.