Turbulence

Turbulence

a.    Explain the reasons why turbulence models are required in CFD. (5 marks). What are Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)?(6 marks).List and explain the parameters of the LES model used in the FDS software. (4 marks).

b.    Based on Kolmogorov’s turbulence theory, explain the mesh resolution required by DNS and LES (4 marks). Critically compare their pros and cons (6 marks).
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