Review of the carbon footprint of renewable energy (wind turbine) installations
There is a wide variety of wind-turbine electricity generating installations. The wind farms may be onshore, near-shore or offshore and in shallow or deep water. These installations require different foundations and the size and scale of turbines and generators vary considerably. The project will require a detailed and systematic study reviewing the total costs of typical installations in terms of materials and energy to assess the carbon footprint and the timescale of carbon payback. The review can start with information from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and will need to be supplemented by national commissions and other publications. The essay will be expected to analyse and interpret the information found, not just report.
General background of Carbon footprint
Methodology of calculating carbon footprint
CO2 Lifecycle assessment of wind turbine
Detail CO2 breakdown of wind turbine manufacturing
Carbon footprints of foundation, transportation and construction
Limitation and analysis of lifecycle
Comparing onshore and offshore wind warms
Comparing carbon footprint on smaller scale turbine
The short and long term cost of wind turbine installations
Life-scale calculations of wind turbine, design life, pay back period
Comparing data of alternative low carbon footprints energy (eg. solar, hydro, nuclear)
Evaluate can wind energy fulfil sustainable objectives, real low carbon?
Please at least use 2 references from a book
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