Philosophy Media Ethics Susan Sontag
7pages double-spaced (12pt font)
Please read the following description of your assignment carefully and let me know if you have any questions. Any and all questions are welcome.
Assignment Description
Choose ONE section (chapter) of Susan Sontag’s book Regarding the Pain of Others and, using one outside source text, offer a summary of what you see as the main point or points of the section which Sontag is trying to make. Apply this summary to at least three photographs, which you have chosen yourself (images found online, images you have taken yourself, as long as I can view them easily). Note that there are guide questions to some of the sections in the Guide Page for Unit 3.
You can show me the images you are talking about by using an “appendix” of images at the end of your paper, or by inserting links to the images within into your paper. Please refrain from inserting images directly into your paper as this messes up the page limit. Either use links to the images or use a referencing system, which allows me to figure out what image you are referring to and add them to the end of your paper.
On the Guide Page for Part 2 of Unit 3 you will find some guide questions for Parts 1-4 of Sontag’s book, which will help if you choose to write on one of these sections.
Outside Sources
As stated in the above Assignment Description please use ONE outside text source on Sontag in this assignment (scholarly article – either online or from a journal in the library, text, interview, etc.)
Referencing
Please use whatever referencing style you like (MLA, APA, etc.) as long as it is consistent throughout the paper.
Please let me know if you have any questions!
Unit 3: The Photographic Image
Ethical Issues in Photojournalism
Introduction
The lectures and articles you will read in this section will introduce you to some of the main ethical concepts and issues surrounding the ethics of photojournalism. Christopher R. Harris’s “Digitization and Manipulation of News Photographs” and Nigel Warburton’s “Ethical Photojournalism in the Age of the Electronic Darkroom” focus on the ethical problems arising from the photographic medium, including the ethically significant assumptions we have about the truth value of photographs and the trust we place in them, as well as how photographic manipulation figures here.
Key Concepts: photojournalism, icon, index, interpretation, context, digital manipulation, compassion fatigue
Resources
Texts
• Keiran, M. (Ed.). (1998). Media Ethics. London: Routledge (Available online )
Please read part 10:
10. Ethical Photojournalism in the Age of the Electronic Darkroom by Nigel Warburton
• Harris, C. R. (1991). Digitization and Manipulation of News Photographs. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 6(3), pp. 164-174. (Available online through Memorial University Libraries)
Online Lectures
• Photojournalism
• What can Pictures Do: Images as Icons
• Image as Index – Image as Evidence
• Image Ethics and the Editorial Process
• Who are “We”: Image Interpretation and the Myth of Reality
Guide Questions
Comprehend
1. Some photographs have become “iconic” – what does this mean?
2. What does it mean to say a photograph has an “indexical” relationship with objects?
3. What are some of the factors which must be considered when analyzing what photos come to “mean”?
4. Why is it important that photographers retain their credibility in democratic societies?
Warburton:
1. According to Warburton, what is the main ethical issue surrounding the subject of photo manipulation?
2. What are the differences which Warburton notes between analog and digital photographs?
3. Warburton states that the new technological advances in photography should, rather than making us dismiss photography as a trustworthy medium, make us more aware of the moral issues at stake in photojournalism. Explain this statement.
Harris:
1. Ethically, we owe our photojournalism audience “tactual visual evidence of news occurrences”. According to Harris, does photojournalism provide this kind of evidence?
2. Harris maintains that “it should be acknowledged that to color correct the skies in OrangeCounty Register, photos to a specific blue is wrong. Why? What’s the big deal about changing the color of the sky – surely this can’t be wrong, democratically speaking?
3. According to Harris, what shift must take place in the way in which decisions are made regarding the manipulation of news photography? Are ethical codes useful?
Critically Analyze
Harris:
1. Do you think that are there ever instances where digital manipulation is ethically justified? Why or why not? Would Harris agree?
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