neglected disease

Read the attached article and write a response to the following topic.

Choose a parasitic or bacterial disease that could be classified as a “neglected disease.” Describe its symptoms, reservoir, vector, and impact on society. What factors have contributed to its status as “neglected?”
Public Health
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journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/puhe

Plenary
The global burden of neglected tropical diseases
A. Fenwick
School of Public Health, Imperial College, London
ARTICLEINFO SUMMARY
Article history: The first comprehensive study on the global burden of disease and risk factors was
Accepted 30 November 2011 commissioned by the World Bank in 1992. A follow-up study was performed in 2005, and
Available online 9 February 2012 another iteration was commissioned by the World Health Organization in 2010, due for
publication in 2011. The author suggests that the global burden of neglected tropical
Keywords: diseases (NTDs) has been seriously underestimated. The way forward is the integration of
Disease burden control efforts, with programmes coming together to deliver a package of drugs against
Neglected tropical diseases NTDs. Barriers to continent-wide coverage of drugs against NTDs are political will (missing
Elimination in those countries with poor governance), funding (approximately half of the $1.5-2 billion
Schistosomiasis is needed) and human resources. However, if the donors who give so much to malaria,
Helminths tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus would share just 10% of the amount
allocated to the big three, the most common NTDs could become diseases of the past. This
could well happen within 7 years, and the targets of GET2020 (Global Elimination of
Trachoma by 2020) to eliminate trachoma and GAELF (the Global Alliance to Eliminate
Lymphatic Filariasis) to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2020 are achievable.
2011 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The first comprehensive study on the global burden of disease In the first study on the global burden of disease and risk
and risk factors was commissioned by the World Bank in factors, the weightings allocated to the various neglected
1992.” A follow-up study was performed in 2005,3 and tropical diseases (NTDs), listed in Table 1, were significantly
another iteration was commissioned by the World Health lower than these diseases merited in the opinion of NTD
Organization (WHO) in 2010, due for publication in 2011.4 experts. Several peer reviewed publications have subse-
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) represent an attempt quently attempted to make the case for a significant increase
to quantify the burden of each disease, calculated as the sum in the disability weightings.5 Indeed, since 2006, the investi-
of life years lost through early death (YLL) plus the years lost to gators working on many of these NTDs have come together
disability (YLD). YLL is estimated for each disease. The thanks to a WHO initiative. By combining their global burden,
disability caused by each disease is allocated a value from 0 to the result is that the combined burden of disease due to NTDs
1, and YLD is calculated as the years lived with the disability has been estimated at 56.6 DALYS, compared with malaria at
multiplied by the disability weighting: 46.5 and tuberculosis (TB) at 34.7.
Morbidity and mortality due to NTDs were underestimated
DALY 2 YLL + YLD as long-term disabilities were not always attributed to an early
Unfortunately, the DALY allocation, which forms the basis NTD infection, nor were they given a high rating, thus leading
for research and controls funding allocations, is considered by ‘Eo 1oW YLD. A1mOSt all deaths WhiCh are kI1OWI1 ‘Eo be due to
some to be somewhat arbitrary, and therefore is not always longstanding parasitic infections were, in fact, not recognized
seen to be a true reflection, as such and so were not attributed to the childhood infection
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