MODERN STUDIES

This Examination Paper consists of 3 Sections. Within each Section there is a choice of Study Themes. There is one question for each Study Theme. Section A – Political Issues in the United Kingdom (answer one question) Question 1 Study Theme 1A Government and Decision Making in Scotland Question 2 Study Theme 1B Government and Decision Making in Central Government Section B – Social Issues in the United Kingdom (answer one question) Question 3 Study Theme 2A Equality in Society: Wealth and Health in the United Kingdom Question 4 Study Theme 2B Crime and the Law in Society Section C – International Issues (answer one question) Question 5 Study Theme 3A The Republic of South Africa Question 6 Study Theme 3B The People’s Republic of China Question 7 Study Theme 3C The United States of America Question 8 Study Theme 3D The European Union Question 9 Study Theme 3E Development in Brazil Total Marks – 60 1 Read the questions carefully. 2 You must answer one question from each of Section A, Section B and Section C. 3 You must answer all parts of the questions you choose. 4 You should spend approximately 30 minutes on each Section. 5 If you cannot do a question or part of a question, move on and try again later. 6 Write your answers in the book provided. Indicate clearly, in the left hand margin, the question and section of question being answered. Do not write in the right hand margin. Pages 2 – 4 Pages 5 – 7

Pages 8 – 11 Pages 12 – 15 Pages 16 – 19 Pages 20 – 23 Pages 24 – 27 Pages 28 – 31 Pages 32 – 35

LI X236/10/01 6/2810

*X236/10/01*

SECTION A – political issues in the united kingdom Answer ONE question only: Question 1 Study Theme 1A – Government and Decision Making in Scotland on pages 2–4 OR Question 2 Study Theme 1B – Government and Decision Making in Central Government on pages 5–7 STUDY THEME 1A: GOVERNMENT AND DECISION MAKING IN SCOTLAND Question 1 (a) Pressure groups use a variety of methods to get their point of view across to government.

Describe two methods pressure groups use to get their point of view across to government. (4 marks)

(b)

Local councils provide services for their local areas. Describe two services local councils provide for their local areas. (4 marks) (c) Some people want Scotland to become an independent country.

Give one reason why some people want Scotland to become an independent country. AND Give one reason why some people do not want Scotland to become an independent country. (4 marks) [X236/10/01] Page two

Question 1 (continued) (d) Study the information below, then answer the question which follows. Profile of the Scottish Parliament before and after the election in May 2011 Before Election: May 2011 Total number of MSPs Type of Government First Minister SNP MSPs Labour MSPs Conservative MSPs Liberal Democrat MSPs Green MSPs 129 Minority: SNP Alex Salmond 46 44 20 17 2 After Election: May 2011 129 Majority: SNP Alex Salmond 69 37 15 5 2

The information above gives information about the Scottish Parliament before and after the election in May 2011. Study the information and write down two differences in the Scottish Parliament before and after the election in May 2011. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page three

Question 1 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Selected Devolved and Reserved Matters Devolved to the Scottish Parliament Health Education Social work Housing Local Government The Environment Tourism and Sport Reserved to the UK Parliament Foreign policy Defence Immigration The Constitution Misuse of Drugs Benefit levels Abortion SOURCE 2 Result of survey about the benefits of Scotland being in the United Kingdom Result from Scotland Both Scotland and England benefit equally from Scotland being in the UK England benefits more Scotland benefits more Don’t know 40% 32% 21% 7% Result from England 27% 8% 54% 11%

Statements about Devolution • • • • The Scottish Parliament can make decisions about schools. The Scottish Parliament can make decisions about immigration. A majority of Scottish people think England benefits more from Scotland being in the UK. A majority of people in England think Scotland benefits more from Scotland being in the UK.

Give two examples of exaggeration from the statements about devolution. For each example give one reason to explain why it is exaggerated. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks) NOW GO TO SECTION B ON PAGE 8 [X236/10/01] Page four

STUDY THEME 1B: GOVERNMENT AND DECISION MAKING IN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Question 2 (a)

Newspapers and television report about UK elections differently. Describe two differences between the way newspapers and television report about UK elections. (4 marks) (b) The House of Lords plays a part in decision making in the UK.

Describe two ways the House of Lords plays a part in decision making in the UK. (4 marks) (c) Some people think that coalition government is a good way to run the country.

Give one reason why some people think that coalition government is a good way to run the country. AND Give one reason why some people think that coalition government is not a good way to run the country. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page five

Question 2 (continued) (d) Study the information below, then answer the question which follows. Profile of the UK Parliament before and after the election in May 2010 Before Election: May 2010 Total number of MPs Type of Government Prime Minister Conservative MPs Labour MPs Liberal Democrat MPs SNP MPs Green MPs 646 Majority: Labour Gordon Brown 210 349 62 6 0 After Election: May 2010 650 Coalition: Conservative/ Liberal Democrat David Cameron 306 258 57 6 1

The information above gives information about the UK Parliament before and after the election in May 2010. Study the information and write down two differences in the UK Parliament before and after the election in May 2010. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page six

Question 2 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Selected matters which the UK Parliament decides on: For the whole of the UK Foreign policy Defence Immigration The Constitution Misuse of Drugs Benefit levels Abortion For England only Health Education Social work Housing Local Government The Environment Tourism and Sport SOURCE 2 Result of survey about the benefits of Scotland being in the United Kingdom Result from Scotland Both Scotland and England benefit equally from Scotland being in the UK England benefits more Scotland benefits more Don’t know 40% 32% 21% 7% Result from England 27% 8% 54% 11%

Statements about the United Kingdom Parliament • • • • The UK Parliament can make decisions about schools in the whole of the UK. The UK Parliament decides about immigration for the whole of the UK. A majority of Scottish people think England benefits more from Scotland being in the UK. A majority of people in England think Scotland benefits more from Scotland being in the UK.

Give two examples of exaggeration from the statements about the UK Parliament. For each example give one reason to explain why it is exaggerated. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks) NOW GO TO SECTION B ON PAGE 8 [X236/10/01] Page seven

SECTION B – SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Answer ONE question only: Question 3 Study Theme 2A – Equality in Society: Wealth and Health in the United Kingdom on pages 8–11 OR Question 4 Study Theme 2B – Crime and the Law in Society on pages 12–15 TUDY THEME 2A: EQUALITY IN SOCIETY: WEALTH AND HEALTH IN S THE UNITED KINGDOM Question 3 (a)

Government provides help for families with children. Describe two ways government provides help for families with children. (4 marks)

(b)

Poverty can lead to ill health.

Give two reasons why poverty can lead to ill health. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page eight

Question 3 (continued) (c) Study the information below, then answer the question which follows. You are an adviser to the Government. You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should increase the state pension age to 68 years.

Option 1 Increase the state pension age to 68 years. • Life expectancy in the UK continues to rise each year. • Most people at 65 years are happy to work for another few years. • The Government cannot afford to pay the rising cost of pensions.

Option 2 Do not increase the state pension age to 68 years. • Millions of elderly people will have to wait longer for their pension if the age is increased. • Keeping workers longer in their jobs means fewer jobs for younger workers. • Building workers are concerned that they may be unable to continue working past 65 years.

Factfile on Pensions in the UK • Many elderly in the UK today welcome the chance to work past 65 years in order to increase their pension fund. • In 2010, life expectancy in Scotland had risen to 75·8 years for men and 80·4 years for women. • 2·6 million women and 2·3 million men in the UK will be affected if the pension age is increased. • Government spending on pensions increased to over £122 billion in 2011. • Workers employed in manual jobs are concerned they will not be able to continue working until they are 68. • Youth unemployment in the UK today is the highest it has been for years.

Using the information above, you must decide whether to increase the state pension age to 68 years (Option 1) or not to increase the state pension age to 68 years (Option 2). Give two reasons to support your choice. In your answer, you must link the option you choose to information from the Factfile on Pensions in the UK. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page nine

[Turn over

Question 3 (continued) (d) Study the information below, then answer the question which follows. Percentage (%) of adults who eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day (2003, 2008 and 2009)

30 25 Percentage (%) 20 15 10 5 0 Men Women All 2003 2008 2009

The percentage of all adults who eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day is increasing. Men eat more fruit and vegetables than women. Over 20% of women had five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day. The proportion of men who eat more than five portions of fruit and vegetables per day has gone up every year since 2003. Statement by Margaret Law Write down two examples of exaggeration from the statement by Margaret Law. For each example, give one reason to explain why it is exaggerated. Your reasons must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page ten

Question 3 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Increase the price of alcohol to improve Scotland’s health The Scottish Government intend to bring in a policy of setting a minimum price for alcohol. This would lead to an increase in the price of most alcoholic drinks. Increasing the price of alcohol is the best way to cut the amount Scottish people drink and reduce alcohol related illnesses. Education programmes warn people of the dangers of drinking and policies to reduce “happy hours” have also been introduced.

SOURCE 2 Results of survey on the price of alcohol 4% The Government should not increase the price of alcohol 38% 58% The Government should 34% increase the price of alcohol

Most people in Scotland support the plan to increase the price of alcohol. This policy should lead to an improvement in health. Statement by Steven Grey Using the information in Sources 1 and 2 above, give two pieces of evidence to support the view of Steven Grey. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

NOW GO TO SECTION C ON PAGE 16

[X236/10/01]

Page eleven

STUDY THEME 2B: CRIME AND THE LAW IN SOCIETY Question 4 (a)

The police in Scotland are organised into a number of different branches. Describe the work of two branches of the police in Scotland. (4 marks) (b) Children may be referred to the Children’s Panel (Children’s Hearing System) for a number of reasons.

Give two reasons why children may be referred to the Children’s Panel. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page twelve

Question 4 (continued) (c) Study the information below, then answer the question which follows. You are an adviser to the Scottish Government. You have been asked to decide whether more money should be spent on prisons or whether more money should be spent on alternatives to prisons. Option 1 The Scottish Government should spend more money on prisons. • Scotland’s prisons are overcrowded. • Alternatives to prison do not always work. • Taking away someone’s freedom is a good form of punishment. Option 2 The Scottish Government should spend more money on alternatives to prisons. • Alternatives to prison are a cheaper option. • Having a convicted person at home keeps families together. • Over half of criminals re-offend after being released from prison.

Factfile on Criminal Justice in Scotland • The daily average of Scotland’s prison population was 7,853 in 2011; Scotland’s prisons are designed to hold 7,330 prisoners. • A parent being held in prison can have a serious effect on family life. • The cost of keeping someone in prison for 16 weeks is £9,760, compared to £2,718, which is the cost of the alternative of electronic tagging. • Most criminals in Scotland’s prisons have previous convictions. • Many people commit crimes while on Community Service Orders. • Victims of crime need to see that criminals have been punished.

Using the information above, you must decide whether to recommend that the Scottish Government should spend more money on prisons (Option 1) or to recommend that the Scottish Government should spend more money on alternatives to prisons (Option 2). Give two reasons to support your choice. In your answer, you must link the option you choose to information from the Factfile on Criminal Justice in Scotland. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page thirteen

[Turn over

Question 4 (continued) (d) Study the information below, then answer the question which follows. Selected penalties imposed by Scottish Courts: 2008–2010 90,000 80,000 Number of penalties 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2008 Custodial sentence Community sentence Financial penalty (fines) Scottish Courts have a range of sentences they can impose. The number of penalties imposed has increased in 2010. Financial penalties (fines) are the most common type of sentence. More custodial sentences than community sentences were given in 2010. View of Sally Cameron Write down two examples of exaggeration from the statement by Sally Cameron. For each example, give one reason to explain why it is exaggerated. Your reasons must be based only on the information above. (4 marks) 2009 2010

[X236/10/01]

Page fourteen

Question 4 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Plan to merge Scottish Police Forces The Scottish Government has decided to merge Scotland’s eight regional police forces into a single national force. This is estimated to save £130 million a year by combining functions and office costs. Sharing resources will allow savings to be made. The Government also claims it will mean that Scotland’s police will be better able to deal with any terrorist threats in the future.

SOURCE 2 Result of survey on merger of Scottish Police Forces Question: Do you support the decision to combine Scotland’s current eight police forces into a single police force covering the whole country?

12% 34% Yes No Don’t know 54%

Most people in Scotland do not support the decision to combine Scotland’s eight police forces into a single force. Saving money is not the only reason for combining the eight police forces. View of Grace Rowan Using the information in Sources 1 and 2 above, give two pieces of evidence to support the view of Grace Rowan. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks) NOW GO TO SECTION C ON PAGE 16 [X236/10/01] Page fifteen

SECTION C – INTERNATIONAL ISSUES Answer ONE question only: Question 5 Study Theme 3A – The Republic of South Africa OR Question 6 Study Theme 3B – The People’s Republic of China OR Question 7 Study Theme 3C – The United States of America OR Question 8 Study Theme 3D – The European Union OR Question 9 Study Theme 3E – Development in Brazil on pages 16–19 on pages 20–23 on pages 24–27 on pages 28–31 on pages 32–35

STUDY THEME 3A: THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA In your answers to parts (a) and (b) you should give examples from South Africa Question 5 (a)

South Africa has many health problems. Describe two health problems in South Africa. (4 marks) (b) Some black South Africans have become better off in recent years.

Give two reasons why some black South Africans have become better off in recent years. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page sixteen

Question 5 (continued) (c) Study the information below then answer the question which follows. Average yearly income of males and females in South Africa 2006–2010 in SA Rand (000s)
130 120 110 100 90 SA Rand (000s) 80 70 60 50 40 0 2006 2007 Male 2008 2009 Female 2010

Using the information above, give one conclusion about each of the following. • Difference between female income in 2006 and 2010. • Difference in income between males and females in South Africa. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page seventeen

Question 5 (continued) (d) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Mobile police stations to fight crime The fight against crime in South Africa has taken a new turn, with the use of more mobile police stations in various central business districts around the country. The aim of the project is to increase awareness of crime and help improve police presence in crime hotspots. Businesses in the city have reacted positively to the presence of mobile police stations, and many have said they feel more confident and secure as they go about their daily trade.

SOURCE 2 Robbery reported to the police in South Africa 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 –8 –9 –10 –11 4.4 Type of Robbery 1.9 Street/public robbery House robbery Business/shop robbery –1.7 Carjacking Truck hijacking

% increase / decrease

–6.8

–10.4

Business owners have welcomed the introduction of mobile police stations. As a result of this all types of robberies have decreased in South Africa. View of Sicelo Nkabinde Using the information above, give one piece of evidence to support the view of Sicelo Nkabinde and one piece of evidence to oppose the view of Sicelo Nkabinde. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page eighteen

Question 5 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 The 2004 National Election In the 2004 election the ANC won most seats and Thabo Mbkei became President of South Africa. The Democratic Alliance (DA) was the second most popular Party in the election. The number of South Africans registering to vote was higher than the previous election and voter turnout in the election was 15·9 million. The Government promised to help the poorest people in the country by building more houses and schools as well as creating new jobs. SOURCE 2 The 2009 National Election In 2009, voter turnout increased to 17·7 million out of the 23 million people who were registered to vote. In the 2009 election, the ANC continued to have the most support and Jacob Zuma became President. Jacob Zuma said he would continue to focus on house building and new schools, increase employment and reduce poverty. The Democratic Alliance (DA) polled 17% of the national vote, coming second in the election.

Sources 1 and 2 give different views about the 2004 and 2009 National elections in South Africa. Study the two sources and write down what these differences are. Mention two differences in your answer. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

NOW CHECK THAT YOU HAVE ANSWERED ONE QUESTION FROM EACH OF SECTIONS A, B AND C

[X236/10/01]

Page nineteen

STUDY THEME 3B: THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

In your answers to parts (a) and (b) you should give examples from China Question 6 (a) China has many health problems.

Describe two health problems in China. (4 marks) (b)

China is one of the richest countries in the world. Give two reasons why China is one of the richest countries in the world.

(4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty

Question 6 (continued) (c) Study the information below then answer the question which follows. Rural and Urban Yearly Incomes in China: 2005–2009 Urban and ural Income gap in China; 2005-2009 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Yuan

2005 Rural

2006 Urban

2007

2008

2009

Using the information above, give one conclusion about each of the following. • The change in income between 2005 and 2009 in urban areas. • The gap in income between rural and urban areas. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-one

Question 6 (continued) (d) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Executions in China China still executes more people than any other country in the world. Countries around the world have put pressure on China to change its policy on the death penalty. In 2011 China changed its sentencing policy. Some crimes which used to lead to the death penalty now receive a prison sentence. Amnesty International says that China is still secretive on this issue and the real death penalty figure is much higher than the official rate. SOURCE 2 Estimated death penalty rate in China 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Number of deaths

2005

2007 Year

2009

The number of executions in China has fallen in recent years. China now gives accurate information on the death penalty. View of Lee Hua Using Sources 1 and 2 above, give one piece of evidence to support the view of Lee Hua and one piece of evidence to oppose the view of Lee Hua. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-two

Question 6 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Gender and politics in China In China, decisions at village level are usually taken by women, as most members of elected village committees are female. There are now more women ministers in the Chinese Government than ever before, which is a sign of progress. Some people have stated that it may not be too long before a woman becomes leader in China. One of the reasons for more women getting involved in politics is that they are better educated than ever before. SOURCE 2 Women in politics in China One day it is possible that a woman could become the top politician in China. One reason for this is that Chinese society has changed in recent years and more and more women now benefit from China’s education system. There is still room for improvement, as women make up over 60% of the rural workforce but only 10% of village committee membership. When it comes to ministerial positions in the Government, 9% are held by women; showing that there is a long way to go.

Sources 1 and 2 give information about women in politics in China. Study the two sources and write down what these differences are. Mention two differences in your answer. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

NOW CHECK THAT YOU HAVE ANSWERED ONE QUESTION FROM EACH OF SECTIONS A, B AND C

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-three

STUDY THEME 3C: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA In your answers to parts (a) and (b) you should give examples from the USA

Question 7 (a)

Americans can take part in elections in many ways. Describe two ways Americans can take part in elections. (4 marks) In the USA, many people have become worse off in recent years.

(b)

Give two reasons why many people in the USA have become worse off in recent years. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-four

Question 7 (continued) (c) Study the information below then answer the question which follows. Household wealth in 2005 and 2009, by ethnic group
2005 $134,992 $18,359 $12,124 Whites Hispanics Blacks $6,325 $5,677 2009 $113,149

Using the information above, give one conclusion about each of the following. • Differences in household wealth between different ethnic groups in 2009. • The change in household wealth between 2005 and 2009. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-five

Question 7 (continued) (d) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Education and pay in the USA Doing well in education should lead to doing well in employment and pay; however this is an area where women have not had success. In 2009, the average weekly earnings for men were over $820 while for women the figure was about $630. This difference in earnings between men and women was found across male and female workers no matter their level of educational qualifications.

SOURCE 2 Percentage of men and women (aged 24–35) with a college or university degree: 1998–2008 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Women Men

1998

2003

2008

Women are more likely than men to have good qualifications. As a result of this, they usually earn more than men. View of Sandra Stone Using Sources 1 and 2 above, give one piece of evidence to support the view of Sandra Stone and one piece of evidence to oppose the view of Sandra Stone. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-six

Question 7 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Before the 2010 mid-term elections The elections for the Senate and the House of Representatives in November 2010 took place at a time when the economy was in crisis and unemployment was high. Before the election, the Democrats held most of the seats in the House of Representatives. Nancy Pelosi was the leader of the Democrats and the Speaker of the House of Representatives before the election in 2010. Before the election the Democrats had a clear majority in the Senate. SOURCE 2 After the 2010 mid-term elections After the election results were announced, the Democrats had kept their majority in the Senate. In the House of Representatives the Republicans made major gains and became the biggest party. After the election a new Speaker, Republican leader John Boehner, was chosen by the House of Representatives. Once the mid-term elections were over, America still had to deal with high levels of unemployment and major economic problems.

Sources 1 and 2 give information about the US Congress before and after the mid-term elections in 2010. Study the two sources and write down what these differences are. Mention two differences in your answer. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

NOW CHECK THAT YOU HAVE ANSWERED ONE QUESTION FROM EACH OF SECTIONS A, B AND C

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-seven

STUDY THEME 3D: THE EUROPEAN UNION In your answers to parts (a) and (b) you should give examples from the European Union

Question 8 (a)

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) helps farmers in European Union member states. Describe two ways the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) helps farmers in European Union member states. (4 marks) (b) More countries wish to join the European Union.

Give two reasons why more countries wish to join the European Union. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-eight

Question 8 (continued) (c) Study the information below then answer the question which follows. Life Expectancy Rates in France and Estonia (2000 and 2010) 100 80 Years 60 40 20 0 2000 2010 2000 2010 Estonia Male Female

France

Using the information above, give one conclusion about each of the following: • differences in life expectancy between France and Estonia • differences in the gap between male and female life expectancy in France and Estonia in 2010. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page twenty-nine

Question 8 (continued) (d) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 The effects of wind power Wind power in Germany produces about seven percent of the country’s total power. It also provides over 90,000 people with jobs and German wind energy systems are exported to other countries. However, the development of wind farms is not without controversy. Some people are worried about the effect of wind turbines on the landscape, the bird population, and on the tourist industry. SOURCE 2 Amount of electricity produced by wind power in selected EU states (in gigawatts) 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 26.4 20.7

Gigawatts

5.2

4.9

Germany

Spain

France

Italy

The amount of electricity produced by wind in Germany is higher than in other EU states. Wind power is here to stay and there are no concerns about its use. View of Gerard Lowe Using Sources 1 and 2 above, give one piece of evidence to support the view of Gerard Lowe and one piece of evidence to oppose the view of Gerard Lowe. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page thirty

Question 8 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 The European Currency In 2011 the Euro was the currency for 17 of the 27 member states which make up the European Union. For many years it was a great success and the countries which used the Euro benefited financially. The Euro was the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. Before the impact of the economic crisis, a majority of citizens in countries which joined the Euro were happy that their old currencies were replaced with it. SOURCE 2 The Euro The Euro was introduced into some member states of the European Union in 2002 and by 2011 a majority of its members used it as their currency. The Euro has become one of the world’s most widely used currencies. In recent years there has been an economic crisis and opinion polls show that over half the population in some countries wish they had never joined the Euro. The crisis resulted in some countries running into severe financial difficulties and having to be helped by other EU member states to stay in the Euro.

Sources 1 and 2 give information about the Euro. Study the two sources and write down what these differences are. Mention two differences in your answer. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

NOW CHECK THAT YOU HAVE ANSWERED ONE QUESTION FROM EACH OF SECTIONS A, B AND C

[X236/10/01]

Page thirty-one

STUDY THEME 3E: DEVELOPMENT IN BRAZIL In your answers to parts (a) and (b) you should give examples from Brazil

Question 9 (a)

People living in the Amazon region face many problems. Describe two problems faced by people living in the Amazon region. (4 marks) (b) Brazil has become richer in recent years.

Give two reasons why Brazil has become richer in recent years. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page thirty-two

Question 9 (continued) (c) Study the information below then answer the question which follows. Average Yearly Income of males and females in Brazil 2006–2010 in Brazilian Real (000s)
23 22 21 20 19 18 17 Brazilian 16 15 Real (000s) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 0

2006 Male

2007

2008 Female

2009

2010

Using the information above, give one conclusion about each of the following. • Changes in female income between 2006 and 2010. • Differences in income between males and females in Brazil. Your answer must be based only on the information above. (4 marks)

[Turn over

[X236/10/01]

Page thirty-three

Question 9 (continued) (d) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Crime in Brazil Brazil is one of the most dangerous countries of the world. Crimes such as murder, muggings, robberies, kidnappings and gang violence are a problem, especially in the cities. However a continuing trend is the reduction of crime rates in recent years. Sao Paulo’s murder rate is now around 10 murders per 100,000, down from 40 per 100,000 in 1999.

SOURCE 2 Number of murders in Rio de Janerio – 2005–2010 6,800 Number of murders in Rio de Janerio 2005 – 2010 6,600 6,400 6,200 6,000 5,800 5,600 5,400 5,200 5,000 4,800 4,600 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 4,768 5,517 5,794 6,620 6,323 6,133

Since 2005 the murder rate in Rio de Janerio has fallen every year. The murder rate in Sao Paulo has also decreased. View of Louis Cristiano Using Sources 1 and 2 above, give one piece of evidence to support the view of Louis Cristiano and one piece of evidence to oppose the view of Louis Cristiano. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

[X236/10/01]

Page thirty-four

Question 9 (continued) (e) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 The 2006 Presidential Election Luiz Inacio “Lula” da Silva was elected President after winning the election in 2006. Former Governor of Sao Paulo State, Jose Serra came second in the Presidential elections. Voting is compulsory in Brazil and voter turnout is usually high compared with other countries. In 2006 voter turnout was 83·5%. President Lula promised to help the poorest people in the country by building more houses and schools as well as creating new jobs. SOURCE 2 The 2010 Presidential Election Voting is compulsory in Brazil but in the 2010 election voter turnout was down from the previous election to 78·5%. After a close race Dilma Rouseff became the first female Brazilian President in 2010. The new President said that her government will focus on job creation, house building and new schools to reduce the number of people living in poverty. Jose Serra stood against Dilma Rousseff in the election but once again he lost the election.

Sources 1 and 2 give information about the 2006 and 2010 Presidential Elections. Study the two sources and write down what these differences are. Mention two differences in your answer. Your answer must be based only on Sources 1 and 2 above. (4 marks)

NOW CHECK THAT YOU HAVE ANSWERED ONE QUESTION FROM EACH OF SECTIONS A, B AND C
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET AN AMAZING DISCOUNT 🙂