In Memoriam – Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Tennyson: In Memoriam
1. Tennyson wrote In Memoriam over a period of 17 years. He said that he had no form of arrangement originally; however, he later gave the poem its current arrangement. In what ways can all lyrics be considered coherent?
2. Although during the Victorian Age the code of Puritanism and respectability arose from the Evangelicals, Victorian writers were concerned with the general decay of a unifying religious faith. What problem of faith does Tennyson say that he is struggling with in sections 1-3?
3. The poem may be divided according to the three sections which describe the three Christmases following the death of Arthur Henry Hallam. Contrast the poet’s reaction on each of these holidays. (They begin with sections 28, 78, and 104.)
4. Sections 55-56 deal with Tennyson’s major crisis of faith in the poem. Carefully analyze these sections. Why is the poet in despair? What role does science play in this crisis?
5. Describe the process by which Tennyson finally recovers from the loss of faith and frees himself from the cycles of despair and hope. Note especially section
what happens in that section? On what principle or principles is the final reaffirmation of faith based?
6. The poem concludes with Tennyson’s faith in moral evolution. (See sections 118, 120, 129, and the Epilogue.) Describe this theory of moral evolution in relation to Darwin’s theory of evolution. What, according to Tennyson, has Hallam become on the evolutionary scale?
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