Ethics and budgeting

Budgeting is generally regar ed as an essential technique for planning and controlling an organisation’s

activities. However, budgeting systems can also create incentivesfor unethical behaviour.

Using examples to illustrate your discussion,explain:

Howthe use of budgets in planning and controlling an organisation’s activities may create
incentives for unethical behaviour; and,

-What strategies organisations can adopt to minimise the risk oftheir budgeting system
leading to unethical gehaviours.

Topic 2: Accounting for ov erhead Modern manufacturing processes are typically characterised by large-scale automation,
with machines replacing people. Consequently, manufacturing overhead has often become a much
more significant component oftotal manufacturing costs and this presents a particular challenge for

cost and management accountants. Competitive pressures make it essential that firms have accurate and up-to-date cost data, but overhead is an indirect cost and allocating itto individual
products and product lines will always inv olv e subjectivity and estimation.

Discussthe difficulties associated with allocating overhead costs in the contemporary manufacturing environment and identify strategiesthat firms can adopt to help make their overhead allocations more accurate and reliable.

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