difference between hypothetical and categorical imperatives

difference between hypothetical and categorical imperatives
Q1
What is the essential difference between hypothetical and categorical imperatives?

Q2
What is Summum Bonum, or highest good according to Mill?

Q3
What does Mill identify as “the natural basis of sentiment for utilitarian morality”?

Q4
From what does Mill say the will is “originally an offshoot?” (Ch. IV)

Q5
When Mill writes, “whatever steadiness or consistency [our] moral beliefs have attained has been mainly due to the tacit influence of a standard not recognized,” to what “standard” is he referring?

Q6
When Mill assets that Kant’s categorical imperative, ultimately, only demonstrates that the “consequences of [the] universal adoption” of even “the most outrageous immoral rules of conduct” would not be choiceworthy, what is he assuming that the success of Kant’s moral theory unwittingly relies upon?

Q7
According to Mill, is the “ultimate sanction … of all morality” an internal or an external sanction?

Q8
Of the three philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, and Mill, whose theory do you regard to be the most likely to inspire worries associated with relativism for the philosopher seeking an objective moral theory? Why?

Q9
Of the four philosophers, Plato, Aristotle, Kant and Mill, whose conception of the summum bonum do you regard to be the most compelling? Why?

Q10
Why does Kant insist that “Empirical principles are wholly unsuited to serve as the foundation of moral laws”?

Q11
What is Summum Bonum, or highest good according to Plato?

Q12
What is Summum Bonum, or highest good according to Aristotle?

Q13
Aristotle insists that “in examining virtue we must define the voluntary and the involuntary.” Briefly explain why this is necessary?

Q14
One might imagine that it the virtues of character are acquired by habit, as Aristotle asserts, then two different cultures might arrive at two very different sets of virtues. What qualification does Aristotle make in his discussion of this type of virtue, however, to prevent such a worry from arising?

Q15
What is Summum Bonum, or highest good according to Kant?

Q16
Kant defines the will as a “kind of causality belonging to living beings in sofar as they are rational.” As such, it plays an essential role in the Kingdom of Ends. To what in the Kingdom of Nature is it analogous?

Q17
What is “Universal Law” formulation of the categorical imperative?

Q18
Why does Kant regard it necessary to “[seek out and establish] the supreme principle of morality.”

Q19
Kant lists three “proportions of morality.” What are they?

 
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, tr. Irwin (Hackett, ISBN: 9780872204645) Kant,

Ethical Philosophy, tr. Ellington (Hackett, ISBN: 9780872203204) Mill,

Utilitarianism (Hackett, ISBN: 9780872206052)

Pojman, Moral Philosophy (Hackett, ISBN: 9780872209626)
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