Computer sciences and Information technology

Emerging Application of Technology Technical Review 1

What is a technology?
Read: http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/trinity/watistec.html
How are technologies invented?
Read: http://science.utep.edu/couri/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=243
Read: http://www.atp.nist.gov/eao/gcr02-841/chapt2.htm

What does the technology lifecycle look like?

Source: http://www.atp.nist.gov/eao/gcr02-841/chapt2.htm
What is an “emerging technology?”
“Emerging” refers to a stage in the technology lifecycle. In the diagram above, “emerging” technologies are moving from stage 1 “Basic Research” to stage 2 “Proof of concept / Invention.”
An emerging technology is sufficiently well understood that engineers and scientists can begin to incorporate the technology into their design concepts for other technologies.
What comes before the “emerging” stage?
Basic research is the beginning of the technology lifecycle. This is the stage which takes ideas from the drawing board to the lab bench or work bench.
What is an “emerging application of technology?”
An emerging application of a technology is a product or service that depends upon one or more technologies that have not been made available to the general public (yet).
Example:
In 1996, Brin and Page developed the “page rank” algorithm. Their work was based upon mathematical concepts for determining link values (which, in turn, come from graph theory). These concepts were originally developed by theoretical mathematicians in the mid 1970’s.
Brin and Page used their page rank algorithm to build a search engine prototype (Google) and began to talk about their research project and its potential (see http://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1)
At this point, somewhere between 1996 and 1997, the page rank algorithm was in the “emerging” technology stage of the technology lifecycle.
In 1998, Brin and Page wrote and published a research paper in which they described their newly developed search engine prototype. (See http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf ). That search engine, Google, was an emerging application of a number of search related technologies; it just happened to include a version of the page rank algorithm which had matured to the point that it was ready for use outside the Research and Development Lab (it had “emerged”).
From 1998 to the present day, engineers and computer scientists at Google have continued to refine and tweak the page rank algorithm. From time to time, a change is made to the “production” version of the page rank algorithm. But, these changes are incremental. The foundation technology of the page rank algorithm has not changed.
Where do I find information about emerging technologies for my assignments?
For this course, your primary sources for your papers MUST come from research papers or technical papers published in the professional literature. Allowable sources are: (a) professional journals, (b) conference proceedings, (c) dissertations or theses, and (d) technical magazines published by either the ACM or IEEE. If an article or paper does not have a reference list containing at least 3 references you may NOT use it. You are restricted to using research papers/publication, scholarly articles, and technical papers which are available from the following UMUC online library databases:
• ACM Digital Library http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://www.acm.org/dl
• Dissertations & Theses (Pro Quest) http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/pqdtft/advanced?accountid=14580
• IEEE Computer Society Digital Library http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/home
• Science Direct http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/search

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