Briefly explain uniform pricing, dynamic pricing, direct segment discrimination and indirect price discrimination and critically evaluate their usefulness for price setting within the airline industry.
2
Question 1
. The starting point for any program evaluation is
.
. a.
. Developing a research instrument
.
. b.
. Collecting data
.
. c.
. Talking with stakeholders about their perceptions
.
. d.
. Determining needs based on the mission statement of the program
.
0.5 points
Question 2
. Which of the following is true regarding the differences between program evaluation and research?
.
. a.
. The control of research is dispersed among stakeholder
.
. b.
. Program evaluation is more generalizable than research
.
. c.
. Research is more subjective
.
. d.
. Program evaluation make value judgments about the worth of a program
.
0.5 points
Question 3
. The baseline phase in time-series design
.
. a.
. Contains no treatment
.
. b.
. Defines the treatment
.
. c.
. Occurs at the end of each design model
.
. d.
. Is only used in momentary time sampling (MTS)
.
0.5 points
Question 4
. Latency describes
.
. a.
. Amount of behavior expressed over time
.
. b.
. Length of time a behavior occurs
.
. c.
. Ratio of a behavior
.
. d.
. Time from a stimulus being presented to a behavior being emitted
.
0.5 points
Question 5
. Advantages of single subject design include
.
. a.
. They have a practical application to decisions about client treatment
.
. b.
. Cause/effect relationships are shown for groups of participants
.
. c.
. These designs require no training for the researcher to implement
.
. d.
. Informed consent is not needed in these designs
.
0.5 points
Question 6
. Which of the following is true about interval scales?
.
. a.
. They range from strongly agree to strongly disagree and rate people’s attitudes
.
. b.
. They divide observations into categories and provides measurement by order and rank
.
. c.
. These scales consist of numbers assigned to groups or categories which have no inherent quantitative value
.
. d.
. The distance between scale points are equal
.
. e.
. They have a true zero point
.
0.5 points
Question 7
. Which of the following is true about ratio scales?
.
. a.
. They range from strongly agree to strongly disagree and rate people’s attitudes
.
. b.
. They divide observations into categories and provides measurement by order and rank
.
. c.
. These scales consist of numbers assigned to groups or categories which have no inherent quantitative value
.
. d.
. The distance between scale points are equal
.
. e.
. They have a true zero point
.
0.5 points
Question 8
. When scores on one test of a variable correlate highly with scores on another test of the same variable, one can assume
.
. a.
. Content validity
.
. b.
. Construct validity
.
. c.
. Convergent validity
.
. d.
. Discriminant validity
.
0.5 points
Question 9
. Which of the following is true regarding descriptive statistics?
.
. a.
. Mean and standard deviation are considered forms of descriptive statistics
.
. b.
. They serve as a way to understand numerical data
.
. c.
. They indicate basic features of data
.
. d.
. All of the above are true regarding descriptive statistics
.
0.5 points
Question 10
. A researcher gives a class of 8th graders a test on basic concepts of conflict resolution at the end of a 6 week psychoeducational group on the topic. The average score on the test is 82. This is known as the
.
. a.
. Mean
.
. b.
. Mode
.
. c.
. Indicator of success of the group
.
. d.
. Normal distribution
.
0.5 points
Question 11
. A researcher is interested in the reliability of a new instrument she has developed to measure self-awareness. One way of determining reliability is to
.
. a.
. Rank the scores of all participants who pilot the instrument
.
. b.
. Have an expert panel review the content
.
. c.
. Compare scores on the instrument to scores on another instrument that measures the same constructs
.
. d.
. Administer the same test on two occasions
.
0.5 points
Question 12
. The extent to which a test is an accurate measure of a particular variable is known as
.
. a.
. Content validity
.
. b.
. Construct validity
.
. c.
. Convergent validity
.
. d.
. Discriminant validity
.
0.5 points
Question 13
. Which of the following is true about nominal scales?
.
. a.
. They range from strongly agree to strongly disagree and rate people’s attitudes
.
. b.
. They divide observations into categories and provides measurement by order and rank
.
. c.
. These scales consist of numbers assigned to groups or categories which have no inherent quantitative value
.
. d.
. The distance between scale points are equal
.
. e.
. They have a true zero point
.
0.5 points
Question 14
. Range, standard deviation, and variance are all measures of variability.
True
False
0.5 points
Question 15
. Nominal variables are naturally numerical in value.
True
False
0.5 points
Question 16
. Program evaluation models that depend on identified objectives and quantitative data are considered
.
. a.
. numerical models
.
. b.
. consumer oriented models
.
. c.
. expertise approaches
.
. d.
. utilitarian models
.
0.5 points
Question 17
. When the program evaluation is conducted to determine how well the aims of the program have been achieved, it is known as
.
. a.
. Management-oriented model
.
. b.
. Objectives-oriented model
.
. c.
. Contextual-oriented model
.
. d.
. Consumer-oriented model
.
0.5 points
Question 18
. The practice of a more exclusive sampling for a deeper understanding of one specific aspect of a group is best described as
.
. a.
. Etic approach
.
. b.
. Emic approach
.
. c.
. Cross-cultural research
.
. d.
. Evidence based counseling practices
.
0.5 points
Question 19
. Questions related to who bears the burden of risks and who should receive the benefits of research fall under the principle of
.
. a.
. Respect for persons
.
. b.
. Beneficience
.
. c.
. Justice
.
. d.
. Veracity
.
0.5 points
Question 20
. To minimize the chance that data may accidentally be assigned to the wrong participant, data should be entered in SPSS
.
. a.
. Going across rows
.
. b.
. Going down the column
.
. c.
. Randomly
.
. d.
. Either row or column entry is equally effective at minimizing incorrect assignment of data
.
0.5 points
Question 21
. Which of the following is true about Likert scales?
.
. a.
. They range from strongly agree to strongly disagree and rate people’s attitudes
.
. b.
. They have a true zero point
.
. c.
. These scales consist of numbers assigned to groups or categories which have no inherent quantitative value
.
. d.
. The distance between scale points are equal
.
0.5 points
Question 22
. When scores on the 16 Personality Factor test do not highly correlate with the Wide Range Achievement Test, one can assume
.
. a.
. Content validity
.
. b.
. Construct validity
.
. c.
. Convergent validity
.
. d.
. Discriminant validity
.
0.5 points
Question 23
. Benefits of counselors understanding and conducting research include ALL BUT WHICH of the following
.
. a.
. Research informs practice
.
. b.
. Conducting research allows the counselor/research to implement findings effectively with clients
.
. c.
. Engaging in research projects can lead to networking opportunities for counselors
.
. d.
. All of the above are benefits to counselors
.
0.5 points
Question 24
. In phenomenological research, an intentional process whereby the researcher attempts to extract their own biases is known as
.
. a.
. Epoche
.
. b.
. Lebenswelt
.
. c.
. Essence
.
. d.
. Life-world
.
0.5 points
Question 25
. Groupings of related concepts that emerge throughout the coding of data in Grounded Theory are referred to as
.
. a.
. Coding
.
. b.
. Concepts
.
. c.
. Categories
.
. d.
. Properties
.
0.5 points
Question 26
. Examples of ethical concerns related to research include ALL BUT WHICH of the following
.
. a.
. Issues of informed consent
.
. b.
. Client anonymity
.
. c.
. Ensuring best treatment for clients
.
. d.
. Fees and billing arrangement for counseling appointments
.
0.5 points
Question 27
. The ACA ethical code related to relationships between researchers and research participants
.
. a.
. Is similar to the codes related to relationships between counselors and clients
.
. b.
. States that nonprofessional relationships with participants is always avoidable
.
. c.
. Differs from codes related to counselors and their clients because nonprofessional relationships are encouraged between researchers and research participants
.
. d.
. Does not address documentation of rationale for the proposed interaction
.
0.5 points
Question 28
. Any research that is culturally sensitive and culturally relevant can be considered
.
. a.
. Ethical research
.
. b.
. Cross-cultural research
.
. c.
. Multicultural research
.
. d.
. Responsive research
.
0.5 points
Question 29
. Mixed methods designs are called such because they
.
. a.
. Mix behavioral and theoretical models
.
. b.
. Blend quantitative and qualitative methodologies
.
. c.
. Can be used for either quantitative or qualitative research
.
. d.
. Incorporate gender differences into each design
.
0.5 points
Question 30
. Mixed methods research questions
.
. a.
. Are not dependent on the mixed methods design employed
.
. b.
. Address both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the study
.
. c.
. Are written in first person form
.
. d.
. None of the above are true about mixed methods research questions
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