Beckett “Nothing is funnier than unhappiness.” (Nell in Endgame)

Discuss Waiting for Godot and Endgame in the light of this quotation. 2. Byrne The Slab Boys Trilogy has been described as “a study in aspiration and frustration”. Discuss Byrne’s dramatic treatment of “aspiration and frustration” in The Slab Boys Trilogy. 3. Chekhov “Chekhov’s characters experience human passions—love, hate, rage, jealousy—only in a temporary or muted form.” Keeping this assertion in mind, discuss Chekhov’s presentation of at least two characters in Uncle Vanya or in The Cherry Orchard. 4. Friel “Friel’s characters inhabit the territory between hope and disappointment.” To what extent do you agree? In your answer you should refer to Translations and Dancing at Lughnasa. 5. Lindsay “Lindsay is at his most bitingly satirical when he focuses on the corruption of the Church.” How far do you agree? 6. Lochhead Analyse and evaluate Lochhead’s use of stagecraft and other dramatic techniques in Mary Queen of Scots Got Her Head Chopped Off and in Dracula.

Pinter “Ultimately, the objective for Pinter characters is to survive.”

Discuss with reference to two or three of the specified plays. 8. Shakespeare EITHER (a) Othello and Antony and Cleopatra “Iago and Octavius Caesar are each, in their own ways, in love with power.” OR (b) The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest Discuss Shakespeare’s presentation of the relationships between fathers and their children in The Winter’s Tale and in The Tempest. Keeping this assertion in mind, compare the role and function of Iago in Othello with the role and function of Octavius Caesar in Antony and Cleopatra.

9. Stoppard “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead and Arcadia offer the audience a perfect marriage of comedy and grave thoughts.” How far do you agree? 10. Wilde “From the overbearing Lady Bracknell to the intriguing Mrs Erlynne, Wilde presents his audiences with some truly memorable mothers.” Compare the presentation and role of Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest with the presentation and role of Mrs Erlynne in Lady Windemere’s Fan. 11. Williams “In his plays Williams presents us with brave outcasts”. How far do you agree with this description of Williams’s characters in A Streetcar Named Desire and in Sweet Bird of Youth?
POETRY 12. Burns Discuss Burns’s treatment of human “fauts and folly” in three or four of the specified poems and songs. 13. Chaucer “Death is everywhere in the literary landscape of The Pardoner’s Tale.” Examine The Pardoner’s Tale in the light of this assertion. 14. Donne “A mingling of intellect and passion . . .” How well does this describe Donne’s poetry? You should refer to three or four of the specified poems. 15. Duffy Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow it. Poet for Our Times I write the headlines for a Daily Paper. It’s just a knack one’s born with all-right-Squire. You do not have to be an educator, just bang the words down like they’re screaming Fire! CECIL-KEAYS ROW SHOCK TELLS EYETIE WAITER. ENGLAND FAN CALLS WHINGEING FROG A LIAR. Cheers. Thing is, you’ve got to grab attention with just one phrase as punters rush on by. I’ve made mistakes too numerous to mention, so now we print the buggers inches high. TOP MP PANTIE ROMP INCREASES TENSION. RENT BOY: ROCK STAR PAID ME WELL TO LIE. I’d like to think that I’m a sort of poet for our times. My shout. Know what I mean? I’ve got a special talent and I show it in punchy haikus featuring the Queen. DIPLOMAT IN BED WITH SERBO-CROAT. EASTENDERS’ BONKING SHOCK IS WELL-OBSCENE.

Of course, these days, there’s not the sense of panic you got a few years back. What with the box et cet. I wish I’d been around when the Titanic sank. To headline that, mate, would have been the tops. SEE PAGE 3 TODAY GENTS THEY’RE GIGANTIC. KINNOCK-BASHER MAGGIE PULLS OUT STOPS. And, yes, I have a dream—make that a scotch, ta— that kids will know my headlines off by heart. IMMIGRANTS FLOOD IN CLAIMS HEATHROW WATCHER. GREEN PARTY WOMAN IS A NIGHTCLUB TART. The poems of the decade . . . Stuff’em! Gotcha! The instant tits and bottom line of art.
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(a) Make a detailed analysis of the techniques used by Duffy to present an unsympathetic view of the speaker in this poem. (b) Go on to discuss the techniques used by Duffy to present unsympathetic views of characters in two other specified poems. 16. Heaney “The Strand at Lough Beg and Casualty address the questions of guilt and involvement also raised in the most unflinching of the bog poems.” Discuss the poetic means by which Heaney addresses “questions of guilt and involvement” in The Strand at Lough Beg and Casualty and in one of the bog poems.

17. Henryson “In both The Testament of Cresseid and The Morall Fabillis an impression is given of the world as a hard and unjust place.” How far do you agree? 18. Keats “O for a life of sensations rather than of thought!” (Keats, in a letter to Benjamin Bailey 1807) How effectively does Keats convey “a life of sensations” in three or four of the specified poems? 19. MacDiarmid “MacDiarmid’s poetry ranges widely over time and space, exploring the fundamental mysteries of love and death and human destiny.” Discuss with reference either to A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle or to three or four of the specified lyrics. 20. Muir “Muir is fascinated by time, both the measurable passing of years in human experience and the idea of eternity beyond human experience.” Discuss with reference to three or four of the specified poems. 21. Plath Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow it.
(a) Make a detailed analysis of Plath’s use of symbols in her treatment of the relationship presented in this poem. AND (b) Go on to discuss Plath’s use of symbols in her treatment of relationships in two or three other poems. 22. Yeats Discuss Yeats’s treatment of Irish identity in three or four of the specified poems.

PROSE FICTION 23. Atwood “Both Elaine Risley in Cat’s Eye and Grace Marks in Alias Grace are creators—and part of their creative force is shown in their formulation of their own narratives.” In what ways does Atwood present both Elaine Risley in Cat’s Eye and Grace Marks in Alias Grace as creators of their own narratives? 24. Austen Compare Austen’s treatment of status and snobbery in Pride and Prejudice with her treatment of status and snobbery in Persuasion. 25. Dickens Discuss some of the ways in which Dickens explores the corrupting influence of money in Hard Times and in Great Expectations. 26. Fitzgerald “. . . the darkness of a marriage and the relief of affairs.” How far do you agree with this view of the central relationships in The Beautiful and Damned and in Tender is the Night? 27. Galloway “A key feature of Galloway’s fiction is the way it transforms the innocent and trivial into something terrifying.” Discuss some of the ways in which Galloway achieves this transformation in The Trick is to Keep Breathing and in Foreign Parts. 28. Gray “Gray’s manipulation of structure has been identified as being a significant feature of his writing.” How effective do you find Gray’s “manipulation of structure” in Lanark and in Poor Things? 29. Hardy Compare the role and function of Damon Wildeve in The Return of the Native with the role and function of Alex D’Urberville in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.
30. Hogg “ . . . there is a God who ruleth this world by wise and invisible means, and punisheth the wicked, and cheereth the humble of heart and the lowly minded.” (The Cameronian Preacher’s Tale) Examine some of the principal means by which Hogg presents the theme of divine justice in The Cameronian Preacher’s Tale and in either The Brownie of the Black Haggs or The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner. 31. Joyce Discuss Joyce’s use of narrative voice in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and in any two of the short stories from Dubliners. 32. Stevenson Discuss Stevenson’s treatment of the theme of guilt and punishment in The Master of Ballantrae and in one of the other specified short stories. 33. Waugh “Brideshead Revisited and A Handful of Dust are novels which explore unsuitable or doomed relationships.” Discuss Waugh’s treatment of “unsuitable or doomed relationships” in both of the specified novels. PROSE NON-FICTION 34. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” (Socrates) Compare and contrast the ways in which any two of the specified writers examine aspects of their lives. 35. “To convey the atmosphere of a particular place or event, just remember all the detail, remarkable and unremarkable . . .” Discuss some of the ways in which any two of the
specified writers make use of “detail, remarkable and unremarkable” to convey atmosphere.
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