Disaster Management

The first important : please write answer for each activity I have highlighted for you by yellow colour and use the recommended reading as references or try to find references for the activity that has not recommended reading
Second important : try to answer as short essay that cover all aspects for each question.
Third: The study guide that above the active are not to be used as references I send it for you to clarify the task only

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Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs: An analysis of Hotels adopting or avoiding Frequent Guest Programs.

Aim and Objective of the dissertation as follow:

This dissertation aims to identify the demographic differences that influence consumer behavior in the purchasing of products in hotels where Frequent Guest Programs (FGPS) exist (or do not). By identifying the perceived benefits of customers affiliate in Loyalty Programs, this paper aims to evidence the main differences in consumer behavior between hotels that use FGPS or do not.

1.3.2 Objectives:

1) To identify the demographic differences that influence consumer behaviour in the purchasing of products in hotels where frequent guest programs exist (or don’t).
2) To evidence the main perceived benefits of FGPS by hotel customers (attitudinal).
3) To explore the main differences in consumer behaviour between hotels that use (or do not) a FGPS.

I need all the reference in APA style, with DOI and AVAILABLE ONLINE ( i will have later on to create a zip folder with all the articles and journals that you used ). Please use just a few books (2 or 3) and all the rest must be taken from peer reviewed articles or journals. For every reference you take please make sure that it is the first one to talk about it or otherwise include more then one reference at the time ex: Additionally, developing and maintaining loyalty between customers and firms is also considered fundamental to business success (Anderson et al., 1994; Cronin, Brady, & Hult, 2000; Haughey, 1997; Tapp, 2004). I am a Bachelor Degree student not native english please do the work accordingly (high quality but not PHD level :))

Here is the request for the literature review: ? The literature review should be of the type “introduction to a primary research topic” (Bolderston, 2008, p. 87). §? Start early as the writing a good literature review “[…] is facilitated with hard work and frequent revisions” (Webster & Watson, 2002, p. 20) §? Claims and assertions are supported with evidence that is referenced. §? The literature review links the title, introduction, aim and objectives and provides sufficient knowledge to write the research methods section. §? Strong evidence of evaluation and critical analysis of the literature reviewed. §? Comprehension of the literature cited is clearly evidenced. §? Limit the use of books in favor of journal articles. §? Themes, concepts, main ideas, theories, etc. are organized through the use of headings and sub-headings. §? Limit the use of quoted materials: try to write in your own words. §? Structure using paragraphs and sections. §? Try to synthesize the literature chapter by constructing a conceptual framework (Randolph, 2009). This literature review will be uploaded on turnitin so please be sure about NO PLAGIARISM at all!!

Thank you very much for your kind help! If you do a great job i will be a repetitive customer for you. Thanks again

This is the literature review that i wrote already:

2. Literature review
2.1 Factors influencing customers loyalty
According to Dick and Basu (1994) loyalty is a multidimensional paradigm based on relative attitude and repeat patronage. The process that has the final objective of evaluating loyalty is moderated by the situation in which the individual finds himself. Therefore situational factors as well as social norms are considered fundamental in order to evaluate the level of loyalty of a customer. The term “attitude” is defined by Dick and Basu (1994) as a mental connection between an object and an evaluation. Although the relative attitude towards a brand or a product is conditio sine qua non in order to build fidelity, the presence of repeat patronage is also cardinal in the loyalty structure.

Figure 1: Dick and Basu Loyalty Model

Figure 1 represents the widely cited Dick and Basu (1994) loyalty model. Strong Loyalty is consequence of high relative attitude and high repeat patronage, while the Absence of Loyalty derives from low attitude as well as low repeat patronage. Spurious Loyalty may be defined as the condition in which a customer, although not particularly attracted by a brand, repurchase as a consequence of situational factors or social norms. Spurious loyalty is comparable to the process of inertia (Assael, 1992; Dick & Basu, 1994). Further Latent loyalty, is characterized by a high level of attitude, but with low repeat patronage. A passenger may be particularly committed towards an Airline but decide to fly with a competitor due to non-attitudinal forces and influences (Dick & Basu, 1994).
Loyalty programs have the objective of increasing relative attitude as well as repeat patronage by rewarding existing customers for purchasing products or services of a particular brand.
In order to fully understand the main factors influencing customers to affiliate with loyalty programs, the researcher aims to understand what are the causes that make customer loyalty change over time. According to Zikiene (2012) a loyal customer may be influenced by a series of factors that will support or repress a switching behavior towards a specific brand.

Figure 2: Zikiene Model of Switching Behavior

Elements such as price issues, inconveniences, dissatisfactory quality, failures in delivering a product or a service and the continuous necessity for seeking variety, typical of each individual, are considered factors that encourage switching behavior (Zikiene, 2012). Further, the change of residence of a customer as well as the introduction of a totally new and revolutionary product/service in a market, are circumstances that may reduce the level of loyalty towards a brand (Zikiene, 2012). On the other hand elements such as a lack of valid alternatives, geographical barriers and economical, social or psychological costs, are defined by Zikiene (2012) as factors repressing switching behavior. Loyalty programs, by offering interesting rewards, aim to reduce the effectiveness of elements that may result in a client switching behavior.

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