+1 862 207 3288 Respiratory system.
windpipe air sac lung
(a) Circle the correct words to complete the following sentences. bone (i) The windpipe is kept open by rings of fibre cartilage bronchi (ii) The windpipe divides into two . bronchioles 1 . 1
(b) Name the type of blood vessel which surrounds the air sacs. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Describe the self-cleaning mechanism of the lungs. 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
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2. Increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is responsible for environmental changes. (a) (i) Give one reason why the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is increasing. ………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Give two examples of environmental changes that have been linked to increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.
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1…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2…………………………………………………………………………………….. (b) The upper layer of the atmosphere contains a gas which protects us from harmful solar radiation. Name this gas. 1 2
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Burning plastics produce gases that are harmful to humans. Complete the table below. Plastic Harmful gas produced when plastic burns hydrogen cyanide Effect of harmful gas on the human body damages the brain and nervous system stops blood from carrying oxygen
polystyrene
polyvinylchloride (PVC)
hydrogen chloride 3
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4. An investigation was carried out to find out how light affects where woodlice are found. Two woodlice were placed in a tray with a plastic lid. Half of the lid was black to keep out light. The other half was clear to let in light. After 1 minute the number of woodlice in each half of the tray was recorded. lid tray woodlouse Results Number of woodlice in light 1 Number of woodlice in dark 1
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The investigation was fair but could be improved to make the results more reliable. Suggest two improvements. 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
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5. The boxes below describe some properties of materials. 1 supports a heavy load without breaking 4 bends without snapping Which box describes (a) flammability? (b) thermal conductivity? (c) flexibility? (d) hardness? Box number ………………. Box number ………………. Box number ………………. Box number ………………. 2 allows heat to pass through 5 catches fire easily 3 allows electricity to pass through 6 resists damage by impact
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1 1 1 1
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6. Use the information in the passage below to answer the questions. Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, the main sugar in milk. Normally, the cells that line the small intestine produce an enzyme called lactase. Lactase digests the milk sugar by breaking it down into simple substances, such as glucose, that can be absorbed into the blood. If the small intestine is not producing lactase, the body cannot digest lactose. This leads to symptoms of lactose intolerance, such as nausea and diarrhoea. Many people with lactose intolerance also suffer from bloating, which is a build up of gas in the intestine caused by the action of bacteria on undigested lactose. Most babies produce high levels of lactase, enabling the digestion of milk. After the age of 2 years, the body begins to produce less lactase. In some individuals, the body fails to produce enough lactase, leading to the development of lactose intolerance in older children and adults. The most common diagnostic tests for this condition are known as the lactose tolerance test and the hydrogen breath test. Both tests involve giving the patient a drink with a high concentration of lactose. For the lactose tolerance test, blood samples are taken to measure the blood glucose level. This shows how well lactose is being digested. For the hydrogen breath test, breath samples are analysed at regular intervals. Raised levels of hydrogen indicate the presence of undigested lactose in the intestine. These tests are not given to babies and very young children as the high lactose drink may cause diarrhoea and severe dehydration. Many doctors simply recommend changing the child’s diet from dairy milk to a non-dairy alternative, such as soya milk. (a) State two symptoms of lactose intolerance. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Why do most babies produce high levels of lactase? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Why does lactose intolerance develop in some older children and adults?
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1
1
………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
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6. (continued) (d) Give one way in which the lactose tolerance test and the hydrogen breath test (i) are similar. …………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
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(ii) are different. …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 1
(e) Explain why the diagnostic tests are not given to very young children. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
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7. The pie charts below show the composition of different types of brass.
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Gilding
Red
Key Cartridge Muntz zinc copper
The table below shows some of the properties of the different types of brass. Tensile strength (MPa) 245 280 357 378 Hardness (units) 52 64 72 80
Type of brass Gilding Red Cartridge Muntz
(a) What conclusion can be drawn about the composition of brass and its hardness? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Predict the tensile strength of brass which contains 75% copper. ……………………………… MPa 1 1
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8. Natural disasters can limit the growth in the number of organisms living in a habitat. (a) Give one other factor which can limit the growth in the number of organisms living in a habitat. …………………………………………………………….. (b) What word is used to describe the number of organisms of one type living in a habitat? …………………………………………………………….. 9. Use words from the boxes to answer the questions. anodising galvanising electroplating spray painting packaging pesticide treatment waterproofing alloying
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1
1
Which method would be used to (a) protect the aluminium frame of a bicycle? 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) apply a thin layer of gold to electronic components? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) protect walking boots? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) cover a steel lamp post with a layer of zinc? ………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
1
1
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10. A group of students investigated the effect of light intensity on the numbers of wild plants in a woodland. They counted the numbers of wood sorrel, clover and daisies in areas A, B and C. For each area they recorded the light intensity. The results are shown in the bar graph and table below.
Key
Wood sorrel
Clover
Daisy
20 18 16 14 Number of plants 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 A B Area C
Area A B C
Light intensity (units) 5 10 15
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10. (continued) (a) Draw two conclusions using information from both the bar graph and the table. 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (b) What is the light intensity in the area with the highest total number of plants? ………………………………………….. units (c) Predict the number of wood sorrel plants in an area which has a light intensity of 7 units.
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1
………………………………………….. 11. The boxes below show some gases. 1 oxygen 4 CFCs 2 carbon monoxide 5 oxides of nitrogen 6 sulphur dioxide 3 ozone
1
(a) Which two boxes show a gas that causes acid rain? Boxes…………………………. and …………………………….. (b) Which box shows the gas formed by incomplete combustion of petrol in a car engine? Box…………………………………….. 1 2
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12. Read the information below and use it to complete the flow diagram. The Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid Iron pyrites and air are heated to form sulphur dioxide. The sulphur dioxide then reacts with oxygen in a catalyst reactor. The sulphur trioxide formed in this reaction passes into an absorber. Water is added to the absorber and the final product is sulphuric acid. this shape shows a manufacturing stage this shape shows a chemical
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heater
sulphur dioxide
catalyst reactor
water
2
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13. Use words from the boxes to answer the questions. oxidation combustion gravity survey test drilling distillation mining
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(a) Which process is used to separate crude oil into fractions? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Which two processes are used to detect oil bearing rocks? …………………………………………… and ………………………………………… 14. In a factory making fertilisers, the walls of the reactors are made of steel. 1 1
Give two examples of how corrosion of the steel adds to the cost of operating the factory. 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
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15. The table below shows the percentage of men and women being treated for heart disease. Age range (years) 45 – 54 55 – 64 65 – 74 75 – 84 Percentage being treated for heart disease (%) men 3 9 17 20 women 1 5 11 16
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(a) Draw two conclusions from the information in the table. 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) In a sample of 250 women aged 75–84 years, calculate how many are being treated for heart disease. Space for working 2
……………… women
2
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16. The diagram shows a simple electrical generator.
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coil of wire
magnet
The magnet rotates beside a coil of wire and this produces an electrical current. The current can be increased by using more turns of wire in the coil. Give two other ways in which the electrical current can be increased. 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17. The following table shows the number of river pollution incidents reported to an Environmental Agency in one year. Type of pollution incident Oil spill Farm waste Industrial waste Rubbish dumping Discoloured water Number of reports 9 27 16 63 65 2
What percentage of the total number of reports was about rubbish dumping? Space for working
Answer………………%
2
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18. The table shows the oil production from three North Sea oilfields in the years 2004 and 2006. Oilfield Buchan Thistle Tartan Oil production (thousands of tonnes) 2004 370 180 175 2006 320 160 105
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(a) Construct a single bar graph to show all of this information. (Additional graph paper, if required, is provided on Page twenty-five.)
3 (b) Calculate the percentage decrease in oil production in the Tartan oilfield between 2004 and 2006. Space for working
Answer………………%
2
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19. Which of the following statements correctly describes a heart attack? A. The coronary vein is blocked and prevents carbon dioxide getting to the heart muscle. B. The coronary artery is blocked and prevents carbon dioxide getting to the heart muscle. C. The coronary vein is blocked and prevents oxygen getting to the heart muscle. D. The coronary artery is blocked and prevents oxygen getting to the heart muscle. Underline the correct answer. 20. The diagram shows parts of human blood.
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Red blood cells
Platelets
White blood cells
(a) Name the chemical in red blood cells which carries oxygen. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) What is the function of the platelets? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) The treatment used to stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies is 1 1
A hypothermia B immunisation C accumulation D respiration. 1
Underline the correct answer.
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21. Some information about minerals found in the Earth’s crust is given below. Supply in Earth’s crust plentiful plentiful limited Annual world production (million tonnes) 80 1500 20 900 150
Mineral Bauxite Calcite Copper pyrites
Hardness value 2·0 3·5 4·2 5·2 2·2
Reaction with acid no gas given off gas given off no gas given off no gas given off no gas given off
Haematite plentiful Rocksalt plentiful
5·0 4·0 Relative density 3·0 2·0 1·0 0
Bauxite
Calcite
Copper pyrites Mineral
Haematite Rocksalt
The relative density of a mineral is a measure of its density compared to water. The hardness of a mineral is tested by scratching it. A mineral with a higher hardness value can scratch any mineral with a lower hardness value. Carbonate minerals react with acid to give off gas.
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21. (continued) Use all of the information to answer the following questions.
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(a) What is the relative density of the mineral with a limited supply in the Earth’s crust? …………………………………………………………. (b) Which mineral is a carbonate? …………………………………………………………. (c) A fingernail has a hardness value of 2·5. List all the minerals that can be scratched by a fingernail. 1 1 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) What is the annual production of the mineral which has a relative density of 2·6? ………………………… million tonnes
1
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22. (a) The radioactivity of a sample of polonium-210 was measured and plotted on the graph shown.
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1000 900 800 700 600 Radioactivity (cpm) 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time (minutes) What is the half-life of polonium-210? 1
………………………………… minutes
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22. (continued) (b) The table gives information about three radioactive substances. Radioactive Substance Bismuth-212 Radon-220 Lead-212 Half-life 60·6 minutes 55·0 seconds 10·6 hours
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Which radioactive substance must be stored for the longest time before it becomes safe? 1
………………………………………………………….
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23. As humans get older their sleep patterns change. The chart below shows sleep patterns over a 24 hour period for five people. Key: Awake Asleep
Adult School child Age Toddler Infant Newborn 4 pm 6 pm 8 pm 10 pm 12 pm 2 am 4 am 6 am 8 am 10 am 12 am 2 pm 4 pm
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Time of day
(a) Which person (i) has the longest continuous period of sleep?
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………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) sleeps for a total of 10 hours?
1
………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Which two people are awake between 2 pm and 4 pm? ……………………………………….. and …………………………………………….. (c) The infant has the same sleep pattern every day for one week. Calculate the total number of hours of sleep the infant gets in this week. Space for working
1
1
Answer…………….. hours
2
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24. Two food webs are shown below. Food web A Grass snake Grass snake Vole Vole Owl Fieldmouse Shrew Cricket Food web B
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Beetle
Beetle Fungi
Earthworm
Woodlice
Leaf litter
Grass seeds
Leaf litter
Grass seeds
(a) Which food web is more stable? ……………………………………… Explain your answer
……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) What word is used to describe organisms, such as fungi, which help to break down natural waste? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Which of the following statements correctly describes the levels of pesticide in a food chain? A B C D A plant at the start of the food chain has the highest level of pesticide. An animal that eats plants has the highest level of pesticide. An animal at the end of the food chain has the highest level of pesticide. All the organisms in the food chain have the same level of pesticide. 1 1 1
Underline the correct answer.
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25. The table below shows the mass of ammonia produced at different temperatures and pressures. Pressure (atm) 50 100 150 200 250 Mass of ammonia (tonnes) at 350 ° C at 450 ° C 600 300 900 600 1100 800 1300 900 1400 1000
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(a) Using the same axes, show the results as two line graphs. Label each line clearly. (Additional graph paper, if required, can be found on Page twenty-six.)
3
(b) Predict the mass of ammonia formed at a temperature of 400? °C and a pressure of 175 atm. ………………………. tonne
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