WORLD RELIGIONS

1. BUDDHISM

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Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Buddhism in the World Religions Unit. This body is decaying! A nest of diseases, a heap of corruption, bound to destruction, to dissolution. All life ends in death. Dhammapada 149 If a man tries not to learn he grows old just like an ox! His body indeed grows old but his wisdom does not grow. Dhammapada 152

(a) Describe the incident in the Buddha’s life when he first became aware of the idea of the “decaying body”. (b) Explain what Buddhists mean by dukkha. (c) What do Buddhists believe happens after “all life ends in death”? (d) Why does anicca lead to suffering? (e) What is samsara? (f) “Samsara is caused by the Three Root Poisons.” How far do you agree? Give two reasons for your answer. (g) “Gaining wisdom is central to Buddhist practice.” Would all Buddhists agree? Explain your answer fully.

4 KU 4 KU 4 KU 4 AE 2 KU 4 AE 8 AE

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CHRISTIANITY

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Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Christianity in the World Religions Unit. The King replied, “I tell you whenever you did this for one of the least important of these brothers of mine, you did it for me”. Matthew 25 v 40

(a) In the source above, who is Jesus referring to as “the least important of these brothers of mine”? (b) Explain why following the example of Jesus is important for Christians. (c) What does the Bible teach about how God will judge human beings? (d) “A loving God would not judge sinners.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (e) Describe two ways Christians can become closer to God. (f) What is meant by the physical resurrection of Jesus? (g) “Belief in the resurrection should affect the way Christians live.” Would all Christians agree? Explain your answer fully.

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HINDUISM

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Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Hinduism in the World Religions Unit. “Those wise ones who see, in the self, The one controlling self within all beings, That makes the one form into many Have everlasting happiness: no others do.” Katha Upanishad 5:12

(a) In the source above, who is “the one controlling self within all beings”? (b) State three qualities that “the one” possesses. (c) What roles do puja and murti play in Hindu worship? (d) What do Hindus mean by dharma? (e) In what ways are dharma and samsara linked in Hindu belief? (f) What is avidya? (g) Why is avidya important for the Hindu understanding of the human condition? (h) “Belief in samsara is the most important belief in Hinduism.” Would all Hindus agree? Explain your answer fully.

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ISLAM

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Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Islam in the World Religions Unit. “Turn ye to our Lord (in repentance) and bow to His (Will), before the Penalty comes on you: after that ye shall not be helped.” Surah 39:54

(a) Describe “the Penalty” referred to in the passage above. (b) Why do Muslims believe that repentance is important? reasons for your answer. Give two

2 KU 4 AE 4 KU 4 KU 4 KU 4 AE

(c) Describe two examples of how Muslims believe that humans can misuse freewill. (d) What guidance do Muslims have to help them follow the will of Allah? (e) Describe two important features of the Shahadah. (f) “Following the Five Pillars helps a Muslim submit to the will of Allah.” Do you agree with this statement? Give two reasons for your answer. (g) “The purpose of this life is to prepare for life after death.” Would all Muslims agree? Explain your answer fully.

8 AE Total (30)

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JUDAISM

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Judaism in the World Religions Unit. “. . . the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.” Genesis 3:8

(a) Why did the man and his wife hide? (b) Describe one of the main consequences of the actions of the man and his wife. (c) What are the benefits and difficulties of belief in freewill for Jewish people? (d) What is Lashon Harah? (e) Explain two possible effects of Lashon Harah. (f) Describe how a family could carry out the Kashrut laws at home. (g) “The Torah is the Word of God, it should not be changed.” Would all Jewish people agree? Explain your answer fully.

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SIKHISM

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Sikhism in the World Religions Unit.

“Love for the Lord wears off . . . this is Maya, by which the Lord is forgotten.” Guru Granth Sahib 921

(a) Explain what is meant by “Maya”. (b) What is the Sikh word which means self-centredness and egoism? (c) Explain the part that freewill plays in the re-birth of a Sikh after death. (d) “Prayer is important in the Sikh’s journey to reunion with God.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (e) Describe how a Sikh would treat other people according to the will of God. (f) Describe two ways Sikhs show respect to the Guru Granth Sahib. (g) State two ways in which Sikhs can practise Vand Chhakna. (h) “The practice of Nam Japna helps Sikhs not only to worship God, but to live their daily lives.” Would all Sikhs agree? Explain your answer fully.

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8 AE Total (30)

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SECTION TWO MORALITY IN THE MODERN WORLD In this section there is one question for each of the optional areas of study. Candidates must only answer the question for their chosen area of study. 1. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Crime and Punishment in the Morality in the Modern World Unit.

Jim has been in and out of prison for the last 30 years. He has spent only six of these years as a free man. He has no family and found it difficult to get a job. Prison is the only place where he feels secure and he believes he will eventually die inside. Prison has not been a deterrent for him.

(a) What is meant by a deterrent? (b) Describe one purpose of punishment, other than deterrence. (c) Prison is one form of punishment. Describe two others. (d) “Prison is just a school for criminals.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (e) Give two religious arguments about the purpose of punishment. (f) “Punishment is fully justified.” Describe a viewpoint independent of religious belief that agrees with this statement. (g) “A life sentence should be for life.” Do you agree? Explain your answer fully.

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4 KU 8 AE

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GENDER

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Gender in the Morality in the Modern World Unit. Frank is angry because there are too many female employees in his workplace. He thinks they should be at home looking after their husbands and children.

(a) Describe two traditional male roles in the workplace. (b) In what ways does the media contribute to gender inequality? (c) Describe one religious teaching that supports women in work. (d) How far have women’s roles within their religious communities changed over the years? Give two reasons for your answer. (e) Describe two ways that the UK Government has improved employment opportunities for women. (f) “It is acceptable for a man to stay at home and raise the family.” Explain the ways a viewpoint independent of religious belief might support this statement. (g) “Separate gender roles benefit society.” Do you agree? Explain your answer fully.

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4 AE 8 AE

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INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied International Issues in the Morality in the Modern World Unit.

Globalisation is the defining word of the era. For some it is the answer to poverty, for others it is the very process that traps people in poverty. Christine Allen, Director of the Catholic Institute for International Relations

(a) Describe what is meant by the term “globalisation”. (b) Describe one action governments can take to tackle the disadvantages of globalisation. (c) “Globalisation has brought us economic progress and material well-being.” Describe a viewpoint independent of religious belief that supports this statement. (d) “It is estimated that each day 34 000 children die from easily preventable malnutrition and disease.” Describe two religious responses to this statement. (e) Describe two reasons why starvation is a global problem. (f) Do you agree that buying fair trade products helps ordinary people in developing countries? Give reasons for your answer. (g) “Failure to care for the environment is one of the biggest problems caused by globalisation.” Do you agree? Explain your answer fully.

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MEDICAL ETHICS

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied Medical Ethics in the Morality in the Modern World Unit. Gloria Thomson has Huntington’s disease. Her father died and her sister has been in care for 10 years, both with the same disease. Gloria’s other sister died of cancer. Gloria hopes that when her medical condition worsens the law will have been changed so that she can choose to receive medical assistance to die. dignityindying.org.uk

(a) Why is euthanasia a moral issue? (b) What is meant by voluntary euthanasia? (c) Describe three advantages of voluntary euthanasia. (d) State two ways in which UK law differs from the law in the Netherlands on euthanasia. (e) Gloria Thomson believes people should have the right to choose euthanasia. Would religious people agree with Gloria? Give reasons for your answer. (f) You have studied a viewpoint independent of religious belief. What does it say about euthanasia? (g) “Allowing euthanasia will only lead to it being abused.” Do you agree? Explain your answer fully.

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WAR AND PEACE

Marks

Reminder: You should answer this question if you have studied War and Peace in the Morality in the Modern World Unit. It is a very heavy responsibility for a prime minister to go into a conflict but we believe it was the right thing to do. We tried so hard to get a political solution but we know the nature of the dictator we are dealing with. Tony Blair on the conflict in Kosovo 1999

(a) Dealing with a dictator is one reason to go to war. State two other reasons for going to war. (b) “We tried so hard to get a political solution.” Describe two things that could be tried as a political solution. (c) Describe two possible effects of war on a country. (d) What is meant by pacifism? (e) “Pacifism is ineffective.” Explain the ways a viewpoint independent of religious belief might support this statement. (f) Describe a religious viewpoint on the use of nuclear weapons. (g) “The disadvantages of possessing nuclear weapons are greater than any advantages.” Do you agree? Explain your answer fully.

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8 AE Total (30)

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SECTION THREE EXISTENCE OF GOD This is an optional Unit. Answer all parts of this question if you have studied the Existence of God Unit. John: “I believe that the world and everything in it was created by God.”

Marks

Sandra: “Scientific evidence shows us that the universe came about as a result of the Big Bang.”

(a) Describe the First Cause argument. (b) Describe two traditional philosophical objections to the First Cause argument. (c) Explain the Big Bang theory. (d) “The Big Bang theory is an effective challenge to the First Cause argument.” Do you agree? Give two reasons for your answer. (e) Explain the Design Argument for the existence of God. (f) “The Design Argument has more strengths than weaknesses.” Do you agree with this statement? Give two reasons for your answer. (g) “The theory of Evolution makes the need for belief in God unnecessary.” Do you agree? Explain your answer fully.

4 KU 4 KU 4 KU

4 AE 4 KU 4 AE 6 AE Total (30)

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SECTION FOUR CHRISTIANITY: BELIEF AND SCIENCE This is an optional Unit. Answer all parts of this question if you have studied the Christianity: Belief and Science Unit. Modern science is only about 400 years old and is based on an understanding of the world quite different from that of the writers of the Bible, which was written between 2000 and 3000 years ago. Therefore, the Bible and modern science cannot be compared.

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(a) How does the Bible describe the origin of the universe? (b) Why might creationists believe the Biblical account of the origin of the universe is accurate? (c) Describe how modern science explains the origin of the universe. (d) Explain two pieces of evidence used to support the scientific view of the origin of the universe. (e) How does modern science explain the origin of human life? (f) Why are many Christians able to accept the scientific explanation for the origin of human life? (g) “We should be working towards a partnership between faith and science, rather than suggesting disagreements between them.” To what extent would Christians agree with this statement?

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