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This is a 3000 word essay for an Anthropology graduate course titled “Culture & Person”. Please do not go over the 3000 word limit.
The assignment is to focus on a group within Anglo-American society and explore some of the key ways in which their personhood is differently constructed compared to another group within
that society.
My chosen topic is to compare some of the ways in which women’s personhood is constructed differently to that of men in Anglo-American society, particularly in relation to beauty demands
and the Cartesian mind/body dualism.
The topic of beauty, in particular, illustrates how women are more closely associated with the body and this is in part evident in the obsession around women’s physical appearance in Western
culture – female ‘value’ is seen to come more from their bodies (appearance, but also reproductive abilities and domestic labour). However, men are more closely associated with the mind and
therefore they are not as strongly judged on their physical appearance (but rather on the content of what they have to say etc). In Anglo-American thinking, the mind is more important in
constituting the person than the body, and this means men are seen as more ‘complete’ persons than women.
The Cartesian mind/body dualism is an important theoretical background in this essay. I’ve attached an article on brain death because brain death powerfully illustrates how Anglo-Americans
prioritise the mind over body in our understandings of what constitutes a person. A brain dead individual is seen as ‘essentially’ dead in Anglo-American societies, whereas in Japan – where the
body is given more priority in constructions of the person – the brain dead individual is considered still alive.
This essay is for an anthropological course about personhood, so it is imperative that the concept of personhood be the backbone of this essay. The writer should clarify and define personhood
at the beginning of the essay as well as incorporate certain themes that are tied to personhood. themes are listed below
Themes:
– The incremental nature of personhood (Conklin & Morgan source)
– Relationality being the basis of personhood in some cultures vs. Individuality of Western Personhood (Conklin & Morgan + Ourrossouff sources)
– The Self (Boellstorff source)
– Body boundaries of where each person begins and ends (Boellstorff source)
Some explanations for the themes:
– In most cultures, personhood is gradually attained or lost over time as people mature, gain certain social and physical competences and pass through rites of passage. However, not everyone
in any given society will necessarily attain full personhood and this can relate to factors such as gender, (dis)ability or legal status.
– In community-based cultures, personhood is formed and negotiated through relationships and one’s relational ties with others.
– There’s a popular perception that individualism is spreading throughout the world and homogenising it; remaking ‘others’ in the image of the Western individual.
In developing the essay, the writer should demonstrate that she/he is aware of alternative views and objections that have been (or might be) raised in opposition.
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