documentation of four concepts on nursing

Topic:

Identify, discuss, and documentation of four concepts on nursing. Patient, environment, health, and nurse
Details:
Identification, discussion, and documentation from the literature of your perspective on the basic four metaparadigms/concepts of patient, nurse, health, and environment.
Two Practice-Specific Concepts: Identification, discussion, and documentation from the literature of your perspective on at least two other concepts specific to your own practice.

Model answer

Basic Concepts in Nursing
In Orem’s theory, four nursing metaparadigm concepts are described; person, environment, health, and nursing. After a keen analysis of the theory, the perspective of the 4 concepts is bound to change. The image of the ‘person’ is confined to one who receives nursing care after self-care administration fails. The ‘environemnt’ view includes the developmental environment and ‘health’ encompasses health maintenance and health promotion. In addition, ‘nursing’ encompasses a comprehension of the significance of the nursing theory as well as its application on the practice settings and nursing profession’s development (Wold, 2012).
Person
According to Orem, the person is the patient; an individual that functions symbolically, socially, and biologically. The person has a capacity to develop and learn, for self-knowledge, and making deliberate actions so as to satisfy the self-care requirements for maintaining health. If a person is not in a position to care for himself, a family member or care provider can do so. On the same note, individuals cannot escape the natural forces (Wold, 2012). People benefit from nursing since they experience health-related limitations which inhibit continuous self-care. When an individual is sick, the nurse should be committed towards doing all she can to treat the patient even if in collaboration with other professionals.
Patients should be treated as intelligent persons who have an intense capacity of learning regarding how to cope with their condition. They should also be treated as so since in many healthcare setups, many professionals ignore this. There is a great need for patient education and communication in relation to self-care administration and provision of healthcare should only be secondary. In the past, patients were treated as the passive recipients but Orem’s theory promotes a shift to self-empowerment and the ‘person’ to enhance self-care (Kelly, 2012).
Nursing
People usually seek nursing services because of diseases that interfere with the ability of continuous self-care. Caring for oneself is not inherent but learned through integrity and development. The nurse has a critical role of assisting individuals to meet self-care and therapeutic needs. Orem’s theory can be applied in rehabilitation centers that evaluate patient outcomes and discharge plans (Wold, 2012). The theory can also be applied in developing and guiding practice, and both quantitative and qualitative methodologies in nursing research.
Health
Healthcare is presently a great concern regarding the increasing costs. This calls for alternative care methods. There is a need to ignore the traditional approach where the patient was passive and engage a more proactive recipient who is ware and in a capacity to make decisions that impact his health positively. Self-responsibility is a key aspect of health promotion. To Orem, this is not a novel concept since she states that people can develop their psychomotor and cognitive skills, in addition to the motivation related to actions needed to maintain their health. If patients are keen on self-care, then illnesses can be prevented (Ellis & Hartley, 2012). There is a trend of increased disease prevention and health promotion as opposed to caring for patients predominantly. Nurses are increasingly engaged in approaches that can help people return to well-being and health.
While I had not incorporated the concepts of health maintenance and promotion previously, Orem emphasizes that self-care activities should never be taken for granted. Her health description is very applicable to nursing paradigm in relation to health maintenance. Health status is not a stagnant but an active growth process. There is an emphasis on prevention that promotes self-care (Ellis & Hartley, 2012). During the aging and reproduction processes, there is need for more self-care requirements. Promoting health should be a vital component of every person’s life. This should include eating healthy, being physically active, and a supportive network.
Environment
The Orem’s concept encompasses of the actual social, physical, and psychosocial elements in addition to developmental aspects. Previously, I thought that the environment encompassed of the social and physical surroundings. However, a keen analysis indicated that the developmental aspect also had an impact on the person. Orem emphasizes the need to create a developmental environment that establishes the desire and goals to achieve them. Some of the goals are physical development and improved attitude, which greatly impact on the patient’s recovery.
An analysis of Orem’s theory and from the foregoing discussion, there is a novel insight of the 4 nursing metaparadigm concepts. There concepts have a strong correlation and this results to the nursing paradigm (Balzer-Riley, 2012). The person refers to the patient who is empowered for self-care. The environment has an added aspect of developmental theory which has a great impact on the recovery of the patient. For there to be health, there is a need for continual promotion and maintenance of disease prevention by persons. In the present day healthcare setup, there is a great need for healthcare professionals to be aggressively involved in employing the four concepts. If one of the concepts is ignored, there can be immense negative impacts. This is based on the fact that the four concepts are central to the health and well-being of all people.

References
Balzer-Riley, J. W. (2012). Communication in nursing. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Mosby.
Ellis, J. R., & Hartley, C. L. (2012). Nursing in today’s world: Trends, issues & management. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Kelly, P. (2012). Nursing leadership & management. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning.
Wold, G. (2012). Basic geriatric nursing. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Mosby.

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