The treaty that Germany signed June 28, 1919 ending World War I included a clause indicating that Germany was responsible for starting the war, and because of this Germany would be responsible for paying the victors for the costs and damages Germany’s attack had inflicted.
Was Germany alone guilty? Had other nations attitudes and efforts in the years after 1870 contributed to the start of war?
Take Germany and Russia
- Identify specific domestics and foreign policies, programs, actions after 1870 of Germany and Russia
- Discuss how these policies, programs, and actions interacted leading the war
- Conclude the essay by considering whether you think Germany was guilty of causing World War I based on the various policies, programs and action you have discussed.

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