What is meant by Fragmentation in Operating System?

Fragmentation is the process where storage space is utilized inefficiently by diminishing its capacity or execution or both. The correct results of fragmentation rely on the particular arrangement of storage system being used and the specific type of fragmentation. There are three different yet related types of fragmentation: external, internal, as well as data fragmentation which may be available in seclusion or conjunction. Fragmentation is acknowledged in kind for enhancements in speed or effortlessness.
External Fragmentation – External Fragmentation happens when a dynamic memory allocation algorithm designates some memory and a small part is left over that can’t be viably utilized. When an excessive amount of external fragmentation happens, the measure of usable memory is radically decreased. Total memory space exists to fulfill a demand, however it is not contiguous.
Internal Fragmentation: Internal fragmentation is the space wasted within allocated memory blocks in view of confinement on the allowed sizes of allotted blocks. Allocated memory might be marginally bigger than requested memory; this size contrast is memory internal to a segment, however not being utilized.
Data Fragmentation – Data fragmentation happens when the collection of data in memory is broken into many parts that are not near one another. It is normally the consequence of endeavoring to embed a vast objects into storage that has as of now endured external fragmentation.