global civilization

global civilization
answer the five questions. The questions are about a book, Sagan, C. (1995). The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Also, these questions are about only chapter 2. I do not want one page long essay. Please just answer each question. Please do not put together all answers. Each answer has to be at least four sentences. Please write appropriate answer.

Ch.2
1. In the opening pages of this chapter, Dr. Sagan explains how science is not merely a matter of what to learn, but rather, it is a methodology of how to learn. What does he mean by this? What are the basic principles of this “method”? Are they equally as relevant in a field such as management as they are in the in a field such as chemstiry? Why or why not?
2. In this chapter, Dr. Sagan describes, in a famous quote, how “We’ve arranged a global civilization in which most crucial elements…depend on secience and technology. We have also arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology.” Why do you think Dr. Sagan is concerned about this? Can you think of any examples of this dynamic in play in your life today? Do you think this problem has gotten better or worse in the ~20 years since Dr. Sagan wrote this book? Explain.
3. Dr. Sagan describes that many of the problems that we face today—in business and in every other field—are often caused “…not so much by stupidity as by ignorance…”. What is the difference between these two terms? Why do you think Dr. Sagan places the blame on ignorance and not stupidity?
4. This is the first chapter where Dr. Sagan begins to introduce us to the importance of humility. Dr. Sagan describes the “error-correcting machinery” that science inherently wields. What does he mean by this? In the same section, he describes how “error bars” are a critical part of any scientific undertaking. What are error bars? How do they represent a position of humility with respect to the work with which they are connected? Do psuedosciences utilize error bars?
5. Dr. Sagan quotes Michael Farday in this chapter, in his musings on a concept known as confirmation bias (we will talk about this more later on in the semester). Do you agree with quote concerning the way that people typically behave? Why do you think we are prone to this sort of discourse? Do you think there is a connection between ego and/or security and our disinclination to admit when we’re wrong?
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