+1 862 207 3288 The Introduction
The introduction has three jobs: to capture your audience’s interest, establish their perception of you as a writer, and set out your point of view for the argument. These multiple roles require
careful planning on your part. You might capture interest by using a focusing anecdote or quotation, a shocking statistic, or by restating a problem or controversy in a new way. You could also
begin with an analogy or parallel case, a personal statement, or (if you genuinely believe your audience will agree with you) a bold statement of your thesis. The language choices you use will
convey a great deal about your image to your audience; for instance, if you’re writing about abortion, audiences will react differently to language about “pro-lifers” than they will to language
about “people who oppose abortion” or “profamily supporters.” This introduction usually funnels down into a solid, clear thesis statement; if you can’t find a sentence in this section that
explicitly says what point you are supporting, you need to keep refining the introduction.
2ND PARAGRAPH : The Narration
In the narration, you want to establish a context for your argument. This means that you need to explain the situation to which your argument is responding, as well as any relevant background
information, history, statistics, and so on that affect it. (For instance, the abortion argument might well mention Roe vs. Wade, more recent cases, legal precedents, and even public opinion
polls.) Once again, the language with which you describe this background will give the audience a picture of you, so choose it carefully. By the end of this section, the readers should understand
what’s at stake in this argument—the issues and alternatives the community faces—so that they can evaluate your claims fairly.
3RD , 4TH AND 5TH PARAGRAPHS are The Confirmation
( THREE REASONS IN THREE SEPRATE PARAGRAPHS )
The Confirmation is :
This section allows you to explain why you believe in your thesis. It takes up three supporting reasons individually , so that you can develop each REASON by bringing in facts, examples,
testimony, definitions, and so on. It’s important that you explain why the evidence for each claim supports it and the larger thesis; this builds a chain of reasoning in support of your argument.
6TH PARAGRAPH : The Refutation and Concession
This is sometimes a hard section for writers to develop; who wants to think of the reasons why an argument won’t work? But this can often be the strongest part of an argument, for when you
show your audience that you have anticipated their potential objections, and have an answer for them, you defuse the audience’s ability to oppose you and persuade them to accept your point
of view. If there are places where you agree with the opposition, conceding their points creates goodwill and respect without weakening your thesis. For instance, if you are supporting parental
notification for abortions, you might concede that there are times when girls shouldn’t be expected to get their parents’ permission, such as in abuse or incest cases. But then you might
suggest that a court-appointed counselor give permission instead so that the young girl gets an adult’s support in making this decision.
7TH PARAGRAPH The Conclusion
It is tempting in the conclusion just to restate the claims and thesis, but this does not give a sense of .momentum or closure to your argument. Instead, try to hearken back to the narration and
the issues. Remind your readers what’s at stake and try to show why your thesis provides the best solution to the issue being faced. This gives an impression of the rightness and importance of
your.
FOR NOW I NEED PREWRITNG ( ONE PAGE ) + FIRST DRAFT AS THESE INSTRUCTIONS :
1- Prewriting ( 6 POINTS)
*Write or Type (print) ideas that you might use when writing your essay.
The following from the Purdue Writing website <https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/673/1> should be useful:
Introduction to Prewriting (Invention)
Summary:
This section explains the prewriting (invention) stage of the composing process. It includes processes, strategies, and questions to help you begin to write.
Contributors:Allen Brizee
Last Edited: 2011-06-08 02:40:36
When you sit down to write…
• Does your mind turn blank?
• Are you sure you have nothing to say?
If so, you’re not alone. Many writers experience this at some time or another, but some people have strategies or techniques to get them started. When you are planning to write something, try
some of the following suggestions.
You can try the textbook formula:
1. State your thesis.
2. Write an outline.
3. Write the first draft.
4. Revise and polish.
. . . but that often doesn’t work.
Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:
Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.
There are many “correct” things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be “dorm food.” At this point, you and your potential
reader are asking the same question, “So what?” Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?
Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?
Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?
Do you want to compare Purdue’s dorm food to that served at Indiana University?
Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.
How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you’ve ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your
comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?
Start the ideas flowing
Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind,
including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.
Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone — or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different
points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.
See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like
clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?
Take a rest and let it all percolate.
Summarize your whole idea.
Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.
Diagram your major points somehow.
Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places. Write a first draft.
Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.
You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies.
You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right.
4. How do individual choices affect natural ecosystem? Provide examples from your personal or community experience.
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