“OPTION 1 What is Penal Welfarism? Evaluate the impact it had on juvenile justice reform across the UK in the twentieth century.”

This essay critically evaluates penal welfarism and the impact it had on juvenile justice reform across the UK in the twentieth century. The essay introduces the key elements of penal welfarism such as forms of correction and normalisation, care and improvement, control and discipline where the young in particular were targeted if they did not conform to the norms of the ruling class while their homes and families were targeted by psychologists as penal welfarism intended to replace classical conceptions of punishment with positivist conceptions of reclamation and individual treatment.

The essay further follows the rise and fall of penal welfarism through the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies onwards and its failures due to rising tensions between justice and welfare advocates as more juveniles entered the court system because of magistrates and police abuses of power, the intr…(short extract)