T H Marshall’s theory of citizenship seems outdated in contemporary society in relation to social change, which has brought social differences and divisions to the discussion of citizenship. This essay will explore the notion of citizenship as significant to community membership, identity, inclusion and participation and the allocation of community resources. Further it will explore Marshall’s concept of citizenship divided into three areas: civil, political and social rights and the three effective entitlements to citizenship, war, work and reproductive, and how these entitlements have been eroded, due to economic, political and technological change, as a key route to citizenship.
The essay will also discuss the increase in voluntary associations a form of active participation and social cohesion as a response to the replacement of the traditional routes to citizenship. Finally t…(short extract)