Resistance to industrial pollution in rural China

Instruction:

In the research “Resistance to industrial pollution in rural China”, qualitative interviews (open-ended questions) and quantitative interviews (closed ended questions ) will be employed as a data-collection strategy.

1.List an interview guide for qualitative interviews and an interview schedule for quantitative interviews

2.Make at least 60 interview questions with Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental NGOs ,health care centers and the local residents whose response will help answer the research questions based on the dissertation proposal Resistance to industrial pollution in rural China.

3.And detail how to use the methods including Participant Observation, Interviews, Questionnaires, Survey to achieve the research data and how to analyze and use qualitative and quantitative data to help answer the research questions and help do the research.

The research questions are as follows:

What are the reasons for the resistance to industrial pollution in rural China?
(To determine the reasons for resistance to industrial pollution in rural China)
Under what circumstances does resistance develop?
Under what conditions does resistance work best to motivate change in environmental policy and practice and to resolve environmental problems in conjunction with authorities?
Is a distinctive environmental consciousness growing in China?
What factors may influence the shape of environmental consciousness?
What role do NGOs and citizens play in environmental protection? How has this evolved over time
What are the prospects for authoritarian environmentalism in mitigating/solving China’s environmental crises?

Key readings on this topic
China’s Local Environmental Politics (2013), Special collection of articles in the Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning (Vol. 15, No. 1)
Calhoun, Craig and Guobin Yang “Media, Civil Society, and the Rise of a Green Public Sphere in China”, China Information 2007; 21, pp. 211-34
Edmonds, Richard Louis. 2011. The Evolution of Environmental Policy in the People’s Republic of China, in: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 40, 3, 13-35.
Elvin, Mark. 1993. Three Thousand Years of Unsustainable Growth: China’s Environment from Archaic Times to the Present, in: East Asian History, 6, 7-46
Ho, Peter and R Edmonds 2008 China’s embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. Oxford: Routledge
Lora-Wainwright (ed) 2013. Dying for Development: pollution, illness and the limits of citizens’ agency in China (2013), special collection of essays in the China Quarterly, especially introduction and articles by Lora-Wainwright, Deng and Yang, Johnson and Tilt.
Lora-Wainwright, Anna, Yiyun Zhang, Yunmei Wu and Benjamin Van Rooij 2012 ‘Learning to live with pollution: how environmental protesters redefine their interests in a Chinese village’ The China Journal 68: 106-24
Stern, Rachel. 2013. Environmental Litigation in China. A Study in Political Ambivalence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Tilt, Bryan 2010 Struggling for Sustainability in Rural China: Environmental Values and Civil Society. New York: Columbia University Press
Weller, Robert 2006 Discovering Nature: Globalization and Environmental Culture in China and Taiwan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

http://www.chinadialogue.net, interview with Pan Yue from 2006
http://tinyurl.com/5rhj3ub; interview with Jonathan Watts from 2010
http://tinyurl.com/346wocy. http://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/china-environment-forum, have a read of Circle of Blue’s ChokePoint China series
http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/featured-water-stories/choke-point-china/ and the New York Times special series “Choking on Growth”
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2007/09/28/world/asia/choking_on_growth_2.html
Lora-Wainwright, A. 2010 ‘An anthropology of cancer villages: Villagers’ perspectives and the politics of responsibility’, Journal of Contemporary China 19(63): 79-99.
Tilt, B. “Perceptions of Risk from Industrial Pollution in China: A Comparison of Occupational Groups,” Human Organization Vo. 65, No. 2 (2006) pp. 115-127 on perceptions of risks posed by rural industrial pollution
Alford, W., Rob Weller, et al., 2002 The Human Dimension of Pollution Policy Implementation: air quality in rural China,” Journal of Contemporary China 32 (available at http://www.environment.harvard.edu/docs/faculty_pubs/alford_human.pdf)

China’s Local Environmental Politics (2013), Special collection of articles in the Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning (Vol. 15, No. 1), especially introduction and articles by Ran, Wu and Johnson.
Eaton, Sarah and Genia Kostka 2014 ‘Authoritarian Environmentalism Undermined? Leaders’ Time Horizons and Consequences for Environmental Policy Implementation’ The China Quarterly, available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2270529
Gilley, Bruce 2012 “Authoritarian Environmentalism and China’s Response to Climate Change” Environmental Politics 21(2): 287-307.

Calhoun, Craig and Guobin Yang “Media, Civil Society, and the Rise of a Green Public Sphere in China”, China Information 2007; 21, pp. 211-34
Ho, Peter and R Edmonds 2008 China’s embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. Oxford: Routledge (introduction and chapter by P Ho on self-imposed censorship – note some articles are available online, published in China Information July 2007; 21 (2) Special Issue on Environmental Activism Guest Editors: Peter Ho and Richard Louis Edmonds)
Yang, Guobin, 2010. “Brokering Environment and Health in China: Issue
Entrepreneurs of the Public Sphere.”Journal of Contemporary China Vol. 19, Issue
63, 101-118
Dying for Development: pollution, illness and the limits of citizens’ agency in China (2013), special collection of essays in the China Quarterly, especially introduction and articles by Lora-Wainwright, Deng and Yang, Johnson and Tilt.
Lora-Wainwright, Anna, Yiyun Zhang, Yunmei Wu and Benjamin Van Rooij 2012 ‘Learning to live with pollution: how environmental protesters redefine their interests in a Chinese village’ The China Journal 68: 106-24
Van Rooij, B. 2010 ‘The People vs. Pollution: Understanding Citizen Action Against Pollution in China’, in J. Holdaway (ed) ‘Environment and Health in China: An Emerging Research Field’ Journal of Contemporary China, 19.63: 55 – 77
Readings on Research Methodology
Qualitative research approaches
Bazeley, P. a. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: practical strategies, London: SAGE.
Creswell, J. W. (2013) Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches, 3rd edition. SAGE Publications.

Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y (eds.) (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.; London, Thousand Oaks, Calif.; London : Sage Publications.
Grbich, C. G., Carol (2013). Qualitative data analysis: an introduction. London, London: SAGE.
Harding, J. A. (2013). Qualitative data analysis from start to finish, London: SAGE.
Liamputtong, P. (2012). Qualitative research methods. South Melbourne, Vic. ; Oxford, South Melbourne, Vic. ; Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Silverman, D. (2010) Doing qualitative research: a practical handbook. Sage Publications

Tracy, S. J. (2013). Qualitative research methods: collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. Oxford, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Fahy, F. and Rau, H. (Eds.) (2013) Methods of sustainability research in the Social Sciences. Sage Publication.
1.1 Analysis of qualitative data
Bernard, H. R. and Ryan, G. W. (2010) Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches. Sage Publications.

Coffey, A. and Atkinson, P. (1996) Making sense of qualitative data: complementary research strategies. Sage Publications.

Gibbs, G. (2008) Analysing Qualitative Data. Sage Publications.
1.2 Quantitative research approaches
Gorard, S. (2003) Quantitative methods in Social Science. Continuum, London.
Vogt, P. (2011) SAGE Quantitative Research Methods. Sage Publications.
1.3 Mixed Methods Research
Creswell, J. W. and Clark, V. L. P. (2011) Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, 2nd Edition. SAGE Publications.

Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010) Mixed methods research: merging theory with practice. Guilford Press.
1.4 Ethnographic methods
Atkinson, P. and Hammersley, M. ‘Ethnography and Participant Observation’ in Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2000) Handbook of Qualitative Methods, Sage Publications, California, pp. 248-261.

Atkinson, P. and Hammersley, M. (2007) Ethnography: principles in practice (3rd Edition). Routledge.

Bernard, H. R. 2011. Research methods in anthropology : qualitative and quantitative approaches, Lanham, Md. ; Plymouth, Altamira.
Cook, I. and Crang, M. (eds.) (2006) Doing Ethnographies. Second edition. Sage, London.
De Munck, Victor. (2009). Research Design and Methods for Studying Cultures. Lanham: AltaMira Press,
Madden, Raymond. (2010). Being Ethnographic: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Ethnography. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC: SAGE Publications.
Madison, D. S. M., D. S. (2012). Critical ethnography : method, ethics, and performance. Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London, Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London : Sage.
Pink, S. (2003) ‘Representing the Sensory Home: Ethnographic Experience and Anthropological Hypermedia’ in Social Analysis: The International Journal of Cultural and Social Practice, 47(3): 46-63.
1.5 Interviews, Focus Groups and Questionnaires
Gifford, R. and Sussman (2012) ’Environmental Attitudes’, Chapter 4, in Clayton, S.D. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology. Oxford University Press.
Kvale, S. and Brinkmann, S. (2008) InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd Edition). Sage Publications

King, N. and Horrocks, C. (2010) Interviews in qualitative research. Sage Publications

Oppenhiem, A.N. (1992) Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement., Pinter, London.
This is considered a key text if you intend to conduct a questionnaire survey.

Jepson, P. and Ladle, R.J. (2009) ‘Governing bird-keeping in Java and Bali: evidence from a household survey’, in Oryx, 43(3): 364-374.
This provides an example of how to write up a questionnaire survey.

Piran C. L. et al. (2005) ‘Questionnaires in Ecology: A Review of Past Use and Recommendations for Best Practice’, in Journal of Applied Ecology, 42 (3): 421-430.
This provides a review of the use of questionnaires.
1.6 Surveys
Andres, L. A., Lesley (2012). Designing & doing survey research. London, London : SAGE.
Blasius, J. B., Jö (2012). Assessing the quality of survey data. London, London : SAGE.
Fink, A. (2013). How to conduct surveys : a step-by-step guide. Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London, Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London : SAGE.
Hooley, T. (2012). What is online research? : using the internet for social science research. London, London : Bloomsbury Academic.