Diabetes

Diabetes

According to the American Diabetes Association (2011), 25.8 million children and adults have been
diagnosed with diabetes in the United States. Approximately 2 million more are diagnosed every year,
with another 79 million people considered to be in a pre-diabetes state. These millions of people are
at risk of several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and
blindness. Since diabetes has a major impact on the health of millions of people around the world, it
is essential for nurses to understand the pathophysiology and associated alterations of this disorder.
In this Discussion, you compare two types of diabetes—diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

To prepare for this Discussion:
•Review Chapter 18 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 18 in the McPhee and Hammer text.
Identify the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Consider the similarities and
differences between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation.
•Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think
about how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these
two types of diabetes.

Post on or before Day 3 an explanation of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes
insipidus. Describe the differences and similarities between resulting alterations of hormonal
regulation. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of
treatment for these two types of diabetes.

Week 9 Announcement Open Dismiss
This week we focus on the pathophysiology of the Endocrine System. There is one discussion on diabetes.

Expectations for discussion:

Let’s review expectations for your initial post in the discussion. For your initial post explain the
pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and of diabetes insipidus. Identify the resulting alterations of
hormonal regulation in each. Then describe the differences and similarities between them. You have
selected two factors that might impact the diagnosis and treatment of each type of diabetes. Cite
evidence in support of your answers to these questions, taken from the current literature i.e.
published in 2015 or as close as possible.

Resources:

Required Resources

Readings
•Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St.
Louis, MO: Mosby. ◦Chapter 17, “Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation”

This chapter explores mechanisms of hormonal regulation and the structure and function of the endocrine
glands. It provides a foundation for examining alterations of the endocrine system, as well as the
effects of aging on the endocrine glands.

◦Chapter 18, “Alterations of Hormonal Regulation”

This chapter begins with an explanation of the mechanisms of hormonal alterations. It then discusses
alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, thyroid function, parathyroid function, endocrine
pancreas, and adrenal function. It also covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and
evaluation and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

•McPhee, S. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2012). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical
medicine (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical. ◦Chapter 17,
“Disorders of the Parathyroids & Calcium & Phosphorus Metabolism”

This chapter explores the anatomy, histology, and associated mechanisms of the parathyroid glands,
bone, vitamin D, and C cells. It then examines various disorders involving altered regulation of
parathyroids, calcium, and phosphorous metabolism.
◦Chapter 18, “Disorders of the Endocrine Pancreas”

This chapter explores the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the endocrine pancreas. It then covers
the clinical presentation, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of endocrine pancreas
disorders such as diabetes mellitus.
◦Chapter 19, “Disorders of the Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland”

This chapter covers the structure and function of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. It then
explores disorders relating to alterations of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands.
◦Chapter 20, “Thyroid Disease”

This chapter explains thyroid hormones, including how they are formed and secreted. It then examines
thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and goiters.
Optional Resources
•American Diabetes Association. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org/
•The Endocrine Society. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.endo-society.org/
•The Hormone Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.hormone.org/

Please make sure that you use resources less than 5 years old and that the instructor and student can
access *****
Break it into paragraphs and label the paragraphs