+1 862 207 3288 Purpose
To assess your ability to:
• Compute financial ratios.
• Explain the steps used to make the computation.
• Use illustrations from the chapter readings and the additional information for the project.
• Prepare a simple Income Statement.
Action Items
1. Review the Project 5 Brief Rubric – Cost of Goods Sold.
2. Read Chapter 15 of your textbook.
3. Read the following additional information for this assignment:
For a business that sells products, the wholesale cost of the product sold is known as cost of goods sold or the cost of sales.
This assignment will present four concepts that you need to know to understand cost of goods sold. The concepts are:
1. Cost of goods sold
2. Standard financial statement format
3. How inventory fits into the equation
4. Gross profit margin
Cost of goods sold
In the accounting world, there are three overall categories of expenses: cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and extraordinary
expenses. This assignment deals with the first category, cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold is the direct cost of the products and
services your business sells. This includes the cost of labor and overhead to produce the goods and freight to obtain the goods. Cost
of goods sold can be directly identified in the end product. For a mason, the cost of bricks and mortar is a direct cost. These costs
are directly identifiable as a part of the product produced.
The cost of insurance, fuel, and maintenance for the trucks used to carry the bricks and mortar are indirect costs. While these costs
are part of the product produced and are incurred in the process of generating revenues, they cannot be identified as belonging to a
specific job or product. Indirect costs such as heat, light, power, and rent are also known as operating expenses or overhead.
Operating expenses are listed under expenses in the profit and loss report (income statement). Only the direct cost of the product is
included in the calculation of cost of goods sold. The cost of goods sold varies directly with the volume of goods sold; each sale adds
to cost of sales. Operating expenses, on the other hand, are relatively fixed. The business will pay the same amount of rent and
utilities whether 10 items or 100 items are sold.
Understanding the standard financial statement
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses are shown in separate sections of the profit and loss report. First, the statement shows
revenues, followed by cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold is subtracted from revenues to produce gross profit. Expenses are then
summarized, totaled, and subtracted from gross profit to calculate net income from operations. Finally, extraordinary items – such as
the gain or loss on a sale of fixed assets – are added or subtracted from net operating income to yield net income. The standard format
for an income statement is therefore as follows:
The term revenue refers to amounts generated from the sale of goods and services. Cost of goods sold is the direct cost of the items
sold. Operating expenses refer to the ordinary and necessary costs – other than direct costs – of running the business. These
distinctions are important not only in presenting information in a standard format but also in analyzing business profitability.
How inventory fits into the equation
Calculation of cost of goods sold involves another account, inventory. When goods are purchased for resale, the cost is not recognized
immediately. When goods are purchased, an increase in the inventory asset is recorded on the balance sheet. The cost of a sale is not
recognized or reported on the profit and loss report until the sale is concluded. Calculation of the cost of goods sold is therefore
inextricably intertwined with inventory.
The formula for calculating cost of goods sold is a logical and straightforward one:
• Beginning Inventory + Purchases = Goods Available for Sale
• Goods Available for Sale – Ending Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold
Purchases of goods add to the balance in inventory, and each sale reduces the inventory. We don’t know the amount of the reduction –
the cost of the goods sold – without specifically identifying the cost of each item as it is sold. You can calculate the cost of goods
sold by taking a physical count of the ending inventory and subtracting the cost of the ending inventory from goods available for sale.
XYZ Company, with cost of sales 2% higher than ABC Company, makes a $365,000 profit. ABC Company, with a 2% lower cost of sales,
generates an additional $70,000.00, an increase of 19% in net income. Because they pay close attention to their cost of sales, ABC
Company has a higher gross profit margin and is substantially more profitable than XYZ Company.
Use the following information to completed the questions in Action Items 4 – 8.
Cost of goods purchased, cost of good sold, and income statement.
The following data are for Montgomery Retail Outlet Stores. The account balances (in thousands) are for 2014.
4. Compute the Cost of Goods Sold. Explain the steps you used to make the computation. Use illustrations from the chapter readings
and the additional information for the projects.
5. Prepare the simple Income Statement, using the information shown above in the additional information for the project.
6. Compute the amount of merchandise inventory to be shown on the January 1, 2015, Balance Sheet. Explain the steps you used to
make the computation. Use illustrations from the chapter readings and the additional information for the project.
7. Consider the Critical Thinking matrix guidelines and adapt them to this situation.
8. Write a 1-page analysis according to the Business Brief Guidelines. Complete sentences must be used (bullets not acceptable).
Your analysis must be written using a concise writing style. Your brief should incorporate all of the answers to the questions posed
above.
9. Submit your work to Turnitin.com. Revise your paper based on the Originality Report you receive. (See instructions under About
TurnItIn.com in the MBA Toolbox.)
10. Check your writing style by using Grammarly. (See instructions under Submit ToGrammarly in the MBA Toolbox.) Correct your
business brief as needed.
11. Attach the following appendices to your paper:
a. Appendix A, containing the completed decision-making matrix.
b. Appendix B, containing the grading rubric for this assignment.
Submission Instructions
• Upload your analysis using the Submit tool by Sunday of Week 5.
• Bring a copy of your brief to class for a discussion.
Grading Criteria
• See the Grading Rubric for specific details: 0 – 70 points
Project 5: Brief Rubric
Total 70 points
Criteria Proficient
• Computes the Cost of Goods Sold.
• Explains the steps used to make the computation.
• Uses illustrations from the chapter readings and the additional information for the project. Demonstrates solid ability to
accomplish the assignment on the following:
• Computes the Cost of Goods Sold.
• Explains the steps used to make the computation.
• Uses illustrations.
Prepares the simple Income Statement. Prepares the simple Income Statement and demonstrates solid ability to accomplish the
assignment.
• Computes the amount of merchandise inventory to be shown on the January 1, 2015, Balance Sheet.
• Explains the steps used to make the computation.
• Uses illustrations form the chapter readings and the additional information for the project. Demonstrates solid ability to
accomplish the assignment on the following:
• Computes the amount of merchandise inventory.
• Explains the steps used to make the computation.
• Uses illustrations.
Integrates established business environment principles into the discussion.
Consistently does a good job of integrating established business environment principles into the discussion.
Synthesizes relevant information and materials to provide evidence of critical thought.
Consistently and effectively synthesizes information, which provides strong support to main ideas.
Develops ideas with clarity and logic.
Develops ideas with clarity and logic. Ideas flow smoothly from one to another and are clearly linked to each other.
Uses supporting documentation that has been properly references and cited.
Consistently uses supporting documentation that is properly referenced and cited.
Considered holistically, demonstrates the ability to write at the graduate level.
Considered holistically, the student demonstrates a proficient ability to write at the graduate level.
