+1 862 207 3288 INTSTRUCTIONS
0 to 10 points
Major points are supported by the following:
• Offering at least 1 new piece of information;
• Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts); and
• At least 1 citation written in current APA format.
0 to 5 points
• Contribution made to discussion.
• Each reply expounds on the thread.
0 to 5 points
Proper spelling and grammar are used.
0 to 5 points
• Required word count of at least 250 words each for 2 replies is met.
TEXT BOOKS USED
American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (Current ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Broderick, P. C., &Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human development for helping professionals (4thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. (This required resource has been provided in this course as an e-book). The purchase of the physical copy of the textbook is optional.
* Liberty University (2016). Human Growth and Development[e-book](custom ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing. ISBN: 9781483379654.
* The above resource is a custom edition of the following book and the correct resource to purchase for this course: The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence by Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener, L., & Benson, P. L. It contains all the chapters necessary to complete the course readings assigned from this book.
THIS WEEKS’S READINGS:
• Broderick &Blewitt: Chapter 3
• Broderick &Blewitt: Chapter 4
• Roehlkepartain et al.: ch. 3
• ISBN10: 0-13-294288-7 or ISBN13: 978-0-13-294288-1
POST THAT NEEDS A 250 WORD REPLY #1
Neurological disorders is a result from the disruption of the brain functioning by physical or biochemical means. The nervous system has a high priority in human development. Brain development begins in the womb and continues to flourish after birth. Child development is crucial during development in the wound and in early years. By the 4th week of the the 1st trimester of conception the nervous system has differentiated into theforebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and the spinal cord (Cacioppo, Freberg, 2013). The signs of neurological disorders can vary depending upon the type of disorder as well as the specific part of the body.
Autism, which is a neurological disorder is characterized by persistent deficits in communication skills and social interaction. Austism is a pervasive development disorder beginning in infancy and involving a wide range of problematic behavior including defects in language, perception and motor development. Autism is usually identified as early as 30 months of age and may be suspected in the early weeks of life. Although sometimes it may be hard to tell when it develops, the condition may not be noticed until a child enters school. The precise cause or causes of Autism are unknown, but most physicians agree that a fundamental disturbance of the central nervous system is involved (Butcher, James A.Mineka, Susan 2010). There is treatment and educational approaches for Autism , but there is no cure.
Cerebral Palsy, is a non progressive disorder caused by the brain insult or injury in prenantal, perinatal, and postnatal time period. The Cerebra- refers to the brain, and Palsy can have problems such as muscles weakness, stiffness, awkwardness, shakiness and difficulty with balance. This may make the child have difficulties performing everyday task (Jones, M. Morgan, E. Shelton, J. Thorogood, C. 2007). Children with Cerebral Palsy also have delayed developments and problems in reaching the milestones in their life. The are 4 types of Cerebral Palsy. The first is Spastic CP- This is where there is too much tone or tightness. Movements are stiff especially the arms and the legs. Children with this form move their legs awkwardly, turning in or scissoring their legs as they try to walk. The second type is called Athetoid CP- This can effect movements of the entire body. Typically this form involves slow, uncontrolled body movements and low muscle tone that makes it hard for a person to sit straight and walk. The third type of CP is called Ataxic- This involves poor coordination, balance and depth perception this occurs in 5 to 10% cases. And the last type is called Mixed CP- This type is a combination of all the symptom put together. A child with mixed CP has both high and low toned muscle. (March of Dimes 2007). Currently there is no cure for Cerebral Palsy, but there is physiotherapy and occupational therapy to improve movement and mobility and speech therapy to help improve communication skills.
In psychology research many types of spiritual practices that might be studied including prayer and meditation. Current studies have utilizedneuoimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging. These studies confront the unique challenges for scientific methodology determine the most objective measures such as neuroimaging studies and physiological parameters. The neuroscienticic study of spiritual practices and experiences has the potential to provide fascinating data to further understand the relationship between the brain and such phenomena (Newberg, Andrew 2014). One thing I can say with all things God is a healer. (proverbs 4:20-22). My son, pay attention to what I say; turn your ear to my words. do not let them out of your sight, keep them within your heart; for they are life to those who find them and health to one’s own body.
References
Cacioppo, John T., Freberg, Laura A. (2013) Discovery Psychology 1st Ed.
Butcher, James N., Mineka, Susan., Hooley, Jill M. (2010) Abnomal Psychology 14th Ed.
Newberg, Andrew B. (2014) Frontiers in Psychology article The neuroscientific study of spiritual practices. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Aronson, Elliot, Wilson, Timothy, D., Akert, Robin, M. (2010). Social Psychology 7th Ed.
POST THAT NEEDS A 250 WORD REPLY #2
Neurological disorders are caused by some form of damage or malfunction to the brain, nerves or spinal column, depending on where damage takes place will decide what symptoms are exhibited. Neurological disorders wide ranging and have numerous origins, obstacles and end results (Information About Neurological Disorders, 2012, p. 6). Neurological disorders can present cognitively, emotionally, behaviorally or physically. These symptoms can be seen in combination or alone depending the neurological disorder.
According to the National Library of Medicine (2014) there are more than 600 known neurological disorders documented. Some of these disorders can be recognized an diagnosed at birth but others can not be detected and diagnosed until later in childhood (Information About Neurological Disorders, 2012, p.11). Asperger’s Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are examples of neurological disorders that affect development. Both of these disorders are generally not diagnosed until 3 to 6 years of age (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d.).
Asperger’s syndrome(AS) is among a distinct cluster of intricate neurodevelopment disorders within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is characterized by social impairment, lack of communication skills and patterns of behavior that are repetitive, restrictive and stereotypical. The reason for ASD, as well as Asperger syndrome, is unknown but conventional research suggest the presence of brain abnormalities in Aspergersyndrome. This mix of hereditary varieties or cancellations, in consolidated with unidentified natural affront, presumably decides the severity and side effects for every person with Asperger disorder (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a wide spread and incapacitating disorder identified on the basis of incessant and developmentally-inappropriate levels of activity, lack of attention and impulsivity (Taylor, 2005). ADHD is one of the most widely diagnosed childhood disorders that can continue into adulthood. There is no known cure for ADHD but it is manageable with the correct medication. The risk factors and cause of ADHD has not been determined but research indicates that genetics have a significant role. (Facts About ADHD, 2015).
Spiritual practices have suggested there are numerous beneficial impacts to an individuals mental health. The specific neural basis of these effects is gradually becoming known and diverse imaging techniques have explained the neural premise of meditive practices. The influence of society and parents shape a child’s knowledge on the concept of God from 2 to 6 years old (Roehlkepartain (2016)). “Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God; and the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.” (Philippians 4:6-7 NIV).
References
Attwood, T. (2007). The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human development for helping professionals (4th ed.). Upper River Saddle, NJ: Pearson.
Crawford, R. (2004). Is God a Scientist? : A Dialogue between Science and Religion. Basingstoke, Hampshire, GBR: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
Facts About ADHD. (2015). Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html
Gutstein, S. E., & Whitney, T. (2002). Asperger Syndrome and the Development of Social Competence. Focus On Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 161.
Information About Neurological Disorders. (2012). Early Support and Cerebra. Early Support for Children, Young People and Families. Crown copyright. Department of Education. National Children’s Bureau. U.K.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, n.d. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm
Roehlkepartain, E., King, P., Wagener, L., & Benson, P. (Eds.) (2005). The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
Taylor, E. (2005). ADHD. The American Journal Of Bioethics: AJOB, 5(3), W17.
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